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Build encryption into election workflow

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This commit is contained in:
Yingtong Li 2017-09-28 16:46:30 +10:00
parent 9505a03044
commit b2bc6980cb
Signed by: RunasSudo
GPG Key ID: 7234E476BF21C61A
11 changed files with 345 additions and 125 deletions
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2
README.md
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@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Eos aims to be implementation-agnostic with respect to cryptographic details. Th
* SCHNORR, Claus Peter and Markus JAKOBSSON. ‘Security of Signed ElGamal Encryption’. In: T. OKAMOTO, ed. *Advances in Cryptology – ASIACRYPT 2000*. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2000. pp. 73–89. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1976. ISBN 978-3-540-44448-0. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44448-3_7
* **R**andomised partial checking (RPC) due to Jakobsson, Juels and Rivest (2002)
* JAKOBSSON, Markus, Ari JUELS and Ronald L. RIVEST. ‘Making Mix Nets Robust For Electronic Voting By Randomized Partial Checking’. In: *Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Security Symposium*. pp. 339–353. Berkeley: USENIX Association, 2002. Available from: https://www.usenix.org/event/sec02/full_papers/jakobsson/jakobsson.pdf
* Taking note of points raised by Khazaei and Wikström (2013)
* KHAZAEI, Shahram and Douglas WIKSTRÖM. ‘Randomized Partial Checking Revisited’. In: E. DAWSON, ed. *Topics in Cryptology – CT-RSA 2013*. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2013. pp. 115–128. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7779. ISBN 978-3-642-36095-4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36095-4_8
## Mother of all disclaimers

15
eos/base/election.py
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@ -45,23 +45,12 @@ class Result(EmbeddedObject):
class ApprovalQuestion(Question):
choices = ListField(StringField())
def compute_result(self):
result = ApprovalResult(choices=([0] * len(self.choices)))
for voter in self.recurse_parents(Election).voters:
for ballot in voter.ballots:
# TODO: Separate decryption phase
encrypted_answer = ballot.encrypted_answers[self._instance[1]] # _instance[1] is the question number
answer = encrypted_answer.decrypt()
for choice in answer.choices:
result.choices[choice] += 1
return result
class ApprovalAnswer(Answer):
choices = ListField(IntField())
class ApprovalResult(Result):
choices = ListField(IntField())
class RawResult(Result):
answers = EmbeddedObjectListField()
class Election(TopLevelObject):
_id = UUIDField()

58
eos/base/tests.py
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@ -23,19 +23,16 @@ from eos.core.objects import *
class ElectionTestCase(EosTestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
if is_python:
client.drop_database('test')
client.drop_database('test')
def exit_task_assert(self, election, task, next_task):
def do_task_assert(self, election, task, next_task):
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.READY)
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(next_task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.NOT_READY)
election.workflow.get_task(task).exit()
if next_task is not None:
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(next_task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.NOT_READY)
election.workflow.get_task(task).enter()
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.EXITED)
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(next_task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.READY)
def save_if_python(self, obj):
if is_python:
obj.save()
if next_task is not None:
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(next_task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.READY)
@py_only
def test_run_election(self):
@ -65,18 +62,17 @@ class ElectionTestCase(EosTestCase):
question = ApprovalQuestion(prompt='Chairman', choices=['John Doe', 'Andrew Citizen'])
election.questions.append(question)
self.save_if_python(election)
election.save()
# Check that it saved
if is_python:
self.assertEqual(db[Election._name].find_one()['value'], election.serialise())
self.assertEqual(EosObject.deserialise_and_unwrap(db[Election._name].find_one()).serialise(), election.serialise())
self.assertEqual(db[Election._db_name].find_one()['value'], election.serialise())
self.assertEqual(EosObject.deserialise_and_unwrap(db[Election._db_name].find_one()).serialise(), election.serialise())
self.assertEqualJSON(EosObject.deserialise_and_unwrap(EosObject.serialise_and_wrap(election)).serialise(), election.serialise())
# Freeze election
self.exit_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskConfigureElection', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskOpenVoting')
self.save_if_python(election)
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskConfigureElection', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskOpenVoting')
election.save()
# Try to freeze it again
try:
@ -85,6 +81,10 @@ class ElectionTestCase(EosTestCase):
except Exception:
pass
# Open voting
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskOpenVoting', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskCloseVoting')
election.save()
# Cast ballots
VOTES = [[[0], [0]], [[0, 1], [1]], [[2], [0]]]
@ -96,19 +96,23 @@ class ElectionTestCase(EosTestCase):
ballot.encrypted_answers.append(encrypted_answer)
election.voters[i].ballots.append(ballot)
self.save_if_python(election)
election.save()
# Close voting
self.exit_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskOpenVoting', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskCloseVoting')
self.save_if_python(election)
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskCloseVoting', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskDecryptVotes')
election.save()
# Compute result
election.results = [None, None]
for i in range(2):
result = election.questions[i].compute_result()
election.results[i] = result
# "Decrypt" votes
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskDecryptVotes', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskReleaseResults')
election.save()
self.save_if_python(election)
# Check result
RESULTS = [[[0], [0, 1], [2]], [[0], [1], [0]]]
for i in range(len(RESULTS)):
votes1 = RESULTS[i]
votes2 = [x.choices for x in election.results[i].answers]
self.assertEqual(sorted(votes1), sorted(votes2))
self.assertEqual(election.results[0].choices, [2, 1, 1])
self.assertEqual(election.results[1].choices, [2, 1])
# Release result
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskReleaseResults', None)
election.save()

44
eos/base/workflow.py
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class WorkflowTask(EmbeddedObject):
class Status:
NOT_READY = 10
READY = 20
#ENTERED = 30
ENTERED = 30
#COMPLETE = 40
EXITED = 50
@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class WorkflowTask(EmbeddedObject):
self.status = WorkflowTask.Status.READY if self.are_dependencies_met() else WorkflowTask.Status.NOT_READY
self.listeners = {
'enter': [],
'exit': []
}
@ -62,16 +63,31 @@ class WorkflowTask(EmbeddedObject):
def satisfies(cls, descriptor):
return cls._name == descriptor or descriptor in cls.provides
def on_enter(self):
self.exit()
def enter(self):
if self.status is not WorkflowTask.Status.READY:
raise Exception('Attempted to enter a task when not ready')
self.status = WorkflowTask.Status.ENTERED
self.fire_event('enter')
self.on_enter()
def fire_event(self, event):
for listener in self.listeners[event]:
listener()
def on_exit(self):
pass
def exit(self):
if self.status is not WorkflowTask.Status.READY:
raise Exception('Attempted to exit a task when not ready')
if self.status is not WorkflowTask.Status.ENTERED:
raise Exception('Attempted to exit a task when not entered')
self.status = WorkflowTask.Status.EXITED
self.fire_event('exit')
self.on_exit()
class Workflow(EmbeddedObject):
tasks = EmbeddedObjectListField()
@ -109,6 +125,26 @@ class TaskOpenVoting(WorkflowTask):
class TaskCloseVoting(WorkflowTask):
depends_on = ['eos.base.workflow.TaskOpenVoting']
class TaskDecryptVotes(WorkflowTask):
depends_on = ['eos.base.workflow.TaskCloseVoting']
def on_enter(self):
election = self.recurse_parents('eos.base.election.Election')
for _ in range(len(election.questions)):
election.results.append(EosObject.objects['eos.base.election.RawResult']())
for voter in election.voters:
for ballot in voter.ballots:
for i in range(len(ballot.encrypted_answers)):
answer = ballot.encrypted_answers[i].decrypt()
election.results[i].answers.append(answer)
self.exit()
class TaskReleaseResults(WorkflowTask):
depends_on = ['eos.base.workflow.TaskDecryptVotes']
# Concrete workflows
# ==================
@ -119,3 +155,5 @@ class WorkflowBase(Workflow):
self.tasks.append(TaskConfigureElection())
self.tasks.append(TaskOpenVoting())
self.tasks.append(TaskCloseVoting())
self.tasks.append(TaskDecryptVotes())
self.tasks.append(TaskReleaseResults())

11
eos/core/objects/__init__.py
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@ -129,6 +129,9 @@ class EosObjectType(type):
cls._name = ((cls.__module__ if is_python else meta.__next_class_module__) + '.' + cls.__name__).replace('.js.', '.').replace('.python.', '.') #TNYI: module and qualname
if name != 'EosObject':
EosObject.objects[cls._name] = cls
if '_db_name' not in attrs:
# Don't inherit _db_name, use only if explicitly given
cls._db_name = cls._name
return cls
class EosObject(metaclass=EosObjectType):
@ -142,6 +145,9 @@ class EosObject(metaclass=EosObjectType):
self._inited = True
def recurse_parents(self, cls):
if not isinstance(cls, type):
cls = EosObject.objects[cls]
if isinstance(self, cls):
return self
if self._instance[0]:
@ -207,6 +213,9 @@ class EosList(EosObject):
return self.impl[idx]
def __setitem__(self, idx, val):
self.impl[idx] = val
val._instance = (self, idx)
if not val._inited:
val.post_init()
def __contains__(self, val):
return val in self.impl
@ -311,7 +320,7 @@ class DocumentObject(EosObject, metaclass=DocumentObjectType):
class TopLevelObject(DocumentObject):
def save(self):
#res = db[self._name].replace_one({'_id': self.serialise()['_id']}, self.serialise(), upsert=True)
res = db[self._name].replace_one({'_id': self._fields['_id'].serialise(self._id)}, EosObject.serialise_and_wrap(self), upsert=True)
res = db[self._db_name].replace_one({'_id': self._fields['_id'].serialise(self._id)}, EosObject.serialise_and_wrap(self), upsert=True)
class EmbeddedObject(DocumentObject):
pass

70
eos/psr/crypto.py
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@ -139,73 +139,3 @@ class SEGCiphertext(EGCiphertext):
_, c = EosObject.to_sha256(str(gs), str(self.gamma), str(self.delta))
return self.c == c
class BlockEncryptedAnswer(EncryptedAnswer):
blocks = EmbeddedObjectListField()
def decrypt(self):
# TODO
raise Exception('NYI')
class RPCMixnet:
def __init__(self):
self.params = []
def random_permutation(self, n):
permutation = list(range(n))
# Fisher-Yates shuffle
i = n
while i != 0:
rnd = BigInt.crypto_random(0, i - 1)
rnd = rnd.__int__()
i -= 1
permutation[rnd], permutation[i] = permutation[i], permutation[rnd]
return permutation
def shuffle(self, encrypted_answers):
shuffled_answers = [None] * len(encrypted_answers)
permutations = self.random_permutation(len(encrypted_answers))
permutations_and_reenc = []
for i in range(len(encrypted_answers)):
encrypted_answer = encrypted_answers[i]
# Reencrypt the answer
shuffled_blocks = []
block_reencryptions = []
for block in encrypted_answer.blocks:
block2, reenc = block.reencrypt()
shuffled_blocks.append(block2)
block_reencryptions.append(reenc)
# And shuffle it to the new position
shuffled_answers[permutations[i]] = BlockEncryptedAnswer(blocks=shuffled_blocks)
# Record the parameters
permutations_and_reenc.append([permutations[i], block_reencryptions, block.public_key.group.random_element(), block.public_key.group.random_element()])
commitments_left = []
for i in range(len(permutations_and_reenc)):
val = permutations_and_reenc[i]
val_json = [val[0], [str(x) for x in val[1]], str(val[2])]
commitments_left.append(EosObject.to_sha256(EosObject.to_json(val_json))[0])
commitments_right = []
for i in range(len(permutations_and_reenc)):
# Find the answer that went to 'i'
idx = next(idx for idx in range(len(permutations_and_reenc)) if permutations_and_reenc[idx][0] == i)
val = permutations_and_reenc[idx]
val_json = [idx, [str(x) for x in val[1]], str(val[3])]
commitments_right.append(EosObject.to_sha256(EosObject.to_json(val_json))[0])
self.params = permutations_and_reenc
return shuffled_answers, commitments_left, commitments_right
def challenge(self, i, is_left):
if is_left:
val = self.params[i]
return [val[0], val[1], val[2]]
else:
idx = next(idx for idx in range(len(self.params)) if self.params[idx][0] == i)
val = self.params[idx]
return [idx, val[1], val[3]]

57
eos/psr/election.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
# Eos - Verifiable elections
# Copyright © 2017 RunasSudo (Yingtong Li)
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
from eos.core.objects import *
from eos.base.election import *
from eos.psr.bitstream import *
from eos.psr.crypto import *
class BlockEncryptedAnswer(EncryptedAnswer):
blocks = EmbeddedObjectListField()
@classmethod
def encrypt(cls, pk, obj):
pt = EosObject.to_json(EosObject.serialise_and_wrap(obj))
bs = BitStream()
bs.write_string(pt)
bs.multiple_of(pk.group.p.nbits() - 1, True)
ct = bs.map(pk.encrypt, pk.group.p.nbits() - 1)
return cls(blocks=ct)
def decrypt(self, sk=None):
if sk is None:
sk = self.recurse_parents(PSRElection).sk
bs = BitStream.unmap(self.blocks, sk.decrypt, sk.public_key.group.p.nbits() - 1)
m = bs.read_string()
obj = EosObject.deserialise_and_unwrap(EosObject.from_json(m))
return obj
class Trustee(EmbeddedObject):
name = StringField()
email = StringField()
class MixingTrustee(Trustee):
mix_order = IntField()
mixed_questions = EmbeddedObjectListField()
class PSRElection(Election):
_db_name = Election._name
sk = EmbeddedObjectField(SEGPrivateKey) # TODO: Threshold
mixing_trustees = EmbeddedObjectListField(MixingTrustee)

82
eos/psr/mixnet.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
# Eos - Verifiable elections
# Copyright © 2017 RunasSudo (Yingtong Li)
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
from eos.core.bigint import *
from eos.core.objects import *
from eos.psr.election import *
class RPCMixnet:
def __init__(self):
self.params = []
def random_permutation(self, n):
permutation = list(range(n))
# Fisher-Yates shuffle
i = n
while i != 0:
rnd = BigInt.crypto_random(0, i - 1)
rnd = rnd.__int__()
i -= 1
permutation[rnd], permutation[i] = permutation[i], permutation[rnd]
return permutation
def shuffle(self, encrypted_answers):
shuffled_answers = [None] * len(encrypted_answers)
permutations = self.random_permutation(len(encrypted_answers))
permutations_and_reenc = []
for i in range(len(encrypted_answers)):
encrypted_answer = encrypted_answers[i]
# Reencrypt the answer
shuffled_blocks = []
block_reencryptions = []
for block in encrypted_answer.blocks:
block2, reenc = block.reencrypt()
shuffled_blocks.append(block2)
block_reencryptions.append(reenc)
# And shuffle it to the new position
shuffled_answers[permutations[i]] = BlockEncryptedAnswer(blocks=shuffled_blocks)
# Record the parameters
permutations_and_reenc.append([permutations[i], block_reencryptions, block.public_key.group.random_element(), block.public_key.group.random_element()])
commitments_left = []
for i in range(len(permutations_and_reenc)):
val = permutations_and_reenc[i]
val_json = [val[0], [str(x) for x in val[1]], str(val[2])]
commitments_left.append(EosObject.to_sha256(EosObject.to_json(val_json))[0])
commitments_right = []
for i in range(len(permutations_and_reenc)):
# Find the answer that went to 'i'
idx = next(idx for idx in range(len(permutations_and_reenc)) if permutations_and_reenc[idx][0] == i)
val = permutations_and_reenc[idx]
val_json = [idx, [str(x) for x in val[1]], str(val[3])]
commitments_right.append(EosObject.to_sha256(EosObject.to_json(val_json))[0])
self.params = permutations_and_reenc
return shuffled_answers, commitments_left, commitments_right
def challenge(self, i, is_left):
if is_left:
val = self.params[i]
return [val[0], val[1], val[2]]
else:
idx = next(idx for idx in range(len(self.params)) if self.params[idx][0] == i)
val = self.params[idx]
return [idx, val[1], val[3]]

93
eos/psr/tests.py
View File

@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ from eos.core.tests import *
from eos.core.bigint import *
from eos.psr.bitstream import *
from eos.psr.crypto import *
from eos.psr.election import *
from eos.psr.mixnet import *
from eos.psr.workflow import *
class EGTestCase(EosTestCase):
def test_eg(self):
@ -102,15 +105,11 @@ class BlockEGTestCase(EosTestCase):
def test_object(self):
obj = self.Person(name='John Smith')
pt = EosObject.to_json(EosObject.serialise_and_wrap(obj))
bs = BitStream()
bs.write_string(pt)
bs.multiple_of(self.test_group.p.nbits() - 1, True)
ct = bs.map(self.sk.public_key.encrypt, self.test_group.p.nbits() - 1)
bs2 = BitStream.unmap(ct, self.sk.decrypt, self.test_group.p.nbits() - 1)
m = bs2.read_string()
obj2 = EosObject.deserialise_and_unwrap(EosObject.from_json(m))
self.assertEqualJSON(obj, obj2)
ct = BlockEncryptedAnswer.encrypt(self.sk.public_key, obj)
m = ct.decrypt(self.sk)
self.assertEqualJSON(obj, m)
class MixnetTestCase(EosTestCase):
@py_only
@ -167,3 +166,79 @@ class MixnetTestCase(EosTestCase):
val_json = [perm, [str(x) for x in reencs], str(rand)]
self.assertEqual(commitments_right[i], EosObject.to_sha256(EosObject.to_json(val_json))[0])
verify_shuffle(perm, i, reencs)
class ElectionTestCase(EosTestCase):
def do_task_assert(self, election, task, next_task):
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.READY)
if next_task is not None:
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(next_task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.NOT_READY)
election.workflow.get_task(task).enter()
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.EXITED)
if next_task is not None:
self.assertEqual(election.workflow.get_task(next_task).status, WorkflowTask.Status.READY)
@py_only
def test_run_election(self):
# Set up election
election = PSRElection()
election.workflow = PSRWorkflow()
# Set election details
election.name = 'Test Election'
for i in range(3):
voter = Voter()
election.voters.append(voter)
for i in range(3):
mixing_trustee = MixingTrustee(mix_order=i)
election.mixing_trustees.append(mixing_trustee)
election.sk = EGPrivateKey.generate()
question = ApprovalQuestion(prompt='President', choices=['John Smith', 'Joe Bloggs', 'John Q. Public'])
election.questions.append(question)
question = ApprovalQuestion(prompt='Chairman', choices=['John Doe', 'Andrew Citizen'])
election.questions.append(question)
election.save()
# Freeze election
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskConfigureElection', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskOpenVoting')
# Open voting
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskOpenVoting', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskCloseVoting')
election.save()
# Cast ballots
VOTES = [[[0], [0]], [[0, 1], [1]], [[2], [0]]]
for i in range(3):
ballot = Ballot()
for j in range(2):
answer = ApprovalAnswer(choices=VOTES[i][j])
encrypted_answer = BlockEncryptedAnswer.encrypt(election.sk.public_key, answer)
ballot.encrypted_answers.append(encrypted_answer)
election.voters[i].ballots.append(ballot)
election.save()
# Close voting
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskCloseVoting', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskDecryptVotes')
election.save()
# Decrypt votes, for realsies
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskDecryptVotes', 'eos.base.workflow.TaskReleaseResults')
election.save()
# Check result
RESULTS = [[[0], [0, 1], [2]], [[0], [1], [0]]]
for i in range(len(RESULTS)):
votes1 = RESULTS[i]
votes2 = [x.choices for x in election.results[i].answers]
self.assertEqual(sorted(votes1), sorted(votes2))
# Release result
self.do_task_assert(election, 'eos.base.workflow.TaskReleaseResults', None)
election.save()

34
eos/psr/workflow.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
# Eos - Verifiable elections
# Copyright © 2017 RunasSudo (Yingtong Li)
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
from eos.core.objects import *
from eos.base.workflow import *
# Concrete tasks
# ==============
# Concrete workflows
# ==================
class PSRWorkflow(Workflow):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.tasks.append(TaskConfigureElection())
self.tasks.append(TaskOpenVoting())
self.tasks.append(TaskCloseVoting())
self.tasks.append(TaskDecryptVotes())
self.tasks.append(TaskReleaseResults())

4
eos/tests.py
View File

@ -79,14 +79,14 @@ for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk('eos'):
method_val = getattr(impl, method)
if isinstance(method_val, types.MethodType) and not hasattr(cls_py, method):
# Python
if not getattr(method_val, '_js_only', False):
if not (len(sys.argv) > 2 and sys.argv[2] == 'js') and not getattr(method_val, '_js_only', False):
cls_py.add_method(method)
if method.startswith('test_'):
test_case = cls_py(method)
test_suite.addTest(test_case)
# Javascript
if not getattr(method_val, '_py_only', False):
if not (len(sys.argv) > 2 and sys.argv[2] == 'py') and not getattr(method_val, '_py_only', False):
if method.startswith('test_'):
cls_js.add_method(method)
test_case = cls_js(method)