Write more efficient implementation for CandidateMap which does not rely on hashing

src/candmap.rs

@@ -17,72 +17,92 @@
 
 use crate::election::Candidate;
 
-use nohash_hasher::BuildNoHashHasher;
+use std::ops::Index;
-
-use std::{collections::{HashMap, hash_map}, ops::Index};
 
 /// Newtype for [HashMap] on [Candidate]s
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct CandidateMap<'e, V> {
-	// TODO: Can we implement this more efficiently as a Vec?
+	keys: Vec<Option<&'e Candidate>>,
-	map: HashMap<&'e Candidate, V, BuildNoHashHasher<Candidate>>
+	values: Vec<Option<V>>
 }
 
 impl<'e, V> CandidateMap<'e, V> {
 	/// See [HashMap::new]
 	pub fn new() -> Self {
 		Self {
-			map: HashMap::with_hasher(BuildNoHashHasher::default())
+			keys: Vec::new(),
+			values: Vec::new()
 		}
 	}
 	
 	/// See [HashMap::with_capacity]
 	pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Self {
-		Self {
+		let mut ret = Self {
-			map: HashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(capacity, BuildNoHashHasher::default())
+			keys: Vec::with_capacity(capacity),
+			values: Vec::with_capacity(capacity)
+		};
+		ret.maybe_resize(capacity);
+		return ret;
+	}
+	
+	fn maybe_resize(&mut self, len: usize) {
+		if len < self.keys.len() {
+			return;
 		}
+		
+		self.keys.resize_with(len, || None);
+		self.values.resize_with(len, || None);
 	}
 	
 	/// See [HashMap::len]
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
-		return self.map.len();
+		return self.keys.iter().filter(|k| k.is_some()).count();
 	}
 	
 	/// See [HashMap::insert]
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn insert(&mut self, candidate: &'e Candidate, value: V) {
-		self.map.insert(candidate, value);
+		self.maybe_resize(candidate.index + 1);
+		self.keys[candidate.index] = Some(candidate);
+		self.values[candidate.index] = Some(value);
 	}
 	
 	/// See [HashMap::get]
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn get(&self, candidate: &'e Candidate) -> Option<&V> {
-		return self.map.get(candidate);
+		return self.values.get(candidate.index).unwrap_or(&None).as_ref();
 	}
 	
 	/// See [HashMap::get_mut]
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn get_mut(&mut self, candidate: &'e Candidate) -> Option<&mut V> {
-		return self.map.get_mut(candidate);
+		match self.values.get_mut(candidate.index) {
+			Some(v) => {
+				return v.as_mut();
+			}
+			None => {
+				return None;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	
 	/// See [HashMap::iter]
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn iter(&self) -> hash_map::Iter<&'e Candidate, V> {
+	pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, 'e, V> {
-		return self.map.iter();
+		return Iter { map: &self, index: 0 };
 	}
 	
 	/// See [HashMap::iter_mut]
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> hash_map::IterMut<&'e Candidate, V> {
+	pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> IterMut<'_, 'e, V> {
-		return self.map.iter_mut();
+		return IterMut { map: self, index: 0 };
 	}
 	
 	/// See [HashMap::values]
 	#[inline]
-	pub fn values(&self) -> hash_map::Values<&'e Candidate, V> {
+	pub fn values(&self) -> Values<'_, 'e, V> {
-		return self.map.values();
+		return Values { map: &self, index: 0 };
 	}
 }
 
@@ -90,16 +110,170 @@ impl<'e, V> Index<&Candidate> for CandidateMap<'e, V> {
 	type Output = V;
 	
 	fn index(&self, candidate: &Candidate) -> &Self::Output {
-		return &self.map[candidate];
+		return self.values.get(candidate.index).unwrap_or(&None).as_ref().unwrap();
+	}
+}
+
+pub struct Iter<'m, 'e, V> {
+	map: &'m CandidateMap<'e, V>,
+	index: usize
+}
+
+impl<'m, 'e, V> Iterator for Iter<'m, 'e, V> {
+	type Item = (&'e Candidate, &'m V);
+	
+	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+		loop {
+			match self.map.keys.get(self.index) {
+				Some(k) => {
+					// Key within range
+					match k {
+						Some(kk) => {
+							// Key is set
+							
+							// SAFETY: Guaranteed to be set, as we update key and value at the same time
+							let v = unsafe { self.map.values.get_unchecked(self.index).as_ref().unwrap_unchecked() };
+							self.index += 1;
+							return Some((kk, v));
+						}
+						None => {
+							// Key is unset
+							self.index += 1;
+							continue;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				None => {
+					// Key outside range
+					return None;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pub struct IterMut<'m, 'e, V> {
+	map: &'m mut CandidateMap<'e, V>,
+	index: usize
+}
+
+impl<'m, 'e, V> Iterator for IterMut<'m, 'e, V> {
+	type Item = (&'e Candidate, &'m mut V);
+	
+	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+		loop {
+			match self.map.keys.get(self.index) {
+				Some(k) => {
+					// Key within range
+					match k {
+						Some(kk) => {
+							// Key is set
+							
+							// SAFETY: Guaranteed to be set, as we update key and value at the same time
+							let v = unsafe { self.map.values.get_unchecked_mut(self.index).as_mut().unwrap_unchecked() };
+							let v_ptr = v as *mut V;
+							
+							// SAFETY: Need unsafe pointer magic for IterMut
+							let vv = unsafe { &mut *v_ptr };
+							
+							self.index += 1;
+							return Some((kk, vv));
+						}
+						None => {
+							// Key is unset
+							self.index += 1;
+							continue;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				None => {
+					// Key outside range
+					return None;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pub struct Values<'m, 'e, V> {
+	map: &'m CandidateMap<'e, V>,
+	index: usize
+}
+
+impl<'m, 'e, V> Iterator for Values<'m, 'e, V> {
+	type Item = &'m V;
+	
+	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+		loop {
+			match self.map.values.get(self.index) {
+				Some(v) => {
+					// Key within range
+					match v {
+						Some(vv) => {
+							// Key is set
+							self.index += 1;
+							return Some(vv);
+						}
+						None => {
+							// Key is unset
+							self.index += 1;
+							continue;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				None => {
+					// Key outside range
+					return None;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pub struct IntoIter<'e, V> {
+	map: CandidateMap<'e, V>,
+	index: usize
+}
+
+impl<'e, V> Iterator for IntoIter<'e, V> {
+	type Item = (&'e Candidate, V);
+	
+	fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+		loop {
+			match self.map.keys.get(self.index) {
+				Some(k) => {
+					// Key within range
+					match k {
+						Some(kk) => {
+							// Key is set
+							
+							// SAFETY: Guaranteed to be set, as we update key and value at the same time
+							let v = unsafe { self.map.values.get_unchecked_mut(self.index).take().unwrap_unchecked() };
+							self.index += 1;
+							return Some((kk, v));
+						}
+						None => {
+							// Key is unset
+							self.index += 1;
+							continue;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				None => {
+					// Key outside range
+					return None;
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 impl<'e, V> IntoIterator for CandidateMap<'e, V> {
 	type Item = (&'e Candidate, V);
 	
-	type IntoIter = hash_map::IntoIter<&'e Candidate, V>;
+	type IntoIter = IntoIter<'e, V>;
 	
 	fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-		return self.map.into_iter();
+		return IntoIter { map: self, index: 0 };
 	}
 }

src/constraints.rs

@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ pub fn init_repeat_count_rollback<'a, N: Number>(state: &mut CountState<'a, N>,
 	
 	// Copy ballot papers to rollback state
 	for (candidate, count_card) in state.candidates.iter_mut() {
-		rollback_candidates.insert(*candidate, count_card.clone());
+		rollback_candidates.insert(candidate, count_card.clone());
 	}
 	
 	state.rollback_state = RollbackState::NeedsRollback { candidates: Some(rollback_candidates), exhausted: Some(rollback_exhausted), constraint, group };

src/election.rs

@@ -261,8 +261,7 @@ impl<'a, N: Number> CountState<'a, N> {
 		
 		if opts.sort_votes {
 			// Sort by votes if requested
-			candidates = self.candidates.iter()
+			candidates = self.candidates.iter().collect();
-				.map(|(c, cc)| (*c, cc)).collect();
 			// First sort by order of election (as a tie-breaker, if votes are equal)
 			candidates.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| b.1.order_elected.cmp(&a.1.order_elected));
 			// Then sort by votes

src/stv/gregory/transfers.rs

@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ impl<'e, N: Number> TransferTable<'e, N> {
 			// Candidate votes
 			for (candidate, cell) in column.cells.iter_mut() {
 				column.total.ballots += &cell.ballots;
-				self.total.add_transfers(*candidate, &cell.ballots);
+				self.total.add_transfers(candidate, &cell.ballots);
 				self.total.total.ballots += &cell.ballots;
 				
 				let votes_in = cell.ballots.clone() * &column.value_fraction;
 				cell.votes_in += &votes_in;
 				column.total.votes_in += &votes_in;
-				self.total.cells.get_mut(*candidate).unwrap().votes_in += &votes_in;
+				self.total.cells.get_mut(candidate).unwrap().votes_in += &votes_in;
 				self.total.total.votes_in += votes_in;
 			}
 			

src/stv/mod.rs

@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ where
 	for<'r> &'r N: ops::Sub<&'r N, Output=N>
 {
 	// Do not defer if this could change the last 2 candidates
-	let mut hopefuls: Vec<(&&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter()
+	let mut hopefuls: Vec<(&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter()
 		.filter(|(_, cc)| cc.state == CandidateState::Hopeful || cc.state == CandidateState::Guarded)
 		.collect();
 	
@@ -1501,7 +1501,7 @@ fn hopefuls_below_threshold<'a, N: Number>(state: &CountState<'a, N>, opts: &STV
 	let excluded_candidates: Vec<&Candidate> = state.candidates.iter()
 		.filter_map(|(c, cc)|
 			if cc.state == CandidateState::Hopeful && cc.votes <= min_threshold {
-				Some(*c)
+				Some(c)
 			} else {
 				None
 			})
@@ -1520,7 +1520,7 @@ fn hopefuls_below_threshold<'a, N: Number>(state: &CountState<'a, N>, opts: &STV
 fn hopefuls_to_bulk_exclude<'a, N: Number>(state: &CountState<'a, N>, _opts: &STVOptions) -> Vec<&'a Candidate> {
 	let mut excluded_candidates = Vec::new();
 	
-	let mut hopefuls: Vec<(&&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter()
+	let mut hopefuls: Vec<(&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter()
 		.filter(|(_, cc)| cc.state == CandidateState::Hopeful)
 		.collect();
 	
@@ -1547,7 +1547,7 @@ fn hopefuls_to_bulk_exclude<'a, N: Number>(state: &CountState<'a, N>, _opts: &ST
 			continue;
 		}
 		
-		let try_exclude: Vec<&Candidate> = try_exclude.iter().map(|(c, _)| **c).collect();
+		let try_exclude: Vec<&Candidate> = try_exclude.iter().map(|(c, _)| *c).collect();
 		
 		// Do not exclude if this violates constraints
 		match constraints::test_constraints_any_time(state, &try_exclude, CandidateState::Excluded) {
@@ -1639,7 +1639,7 @@ where
 	for<'r> &'r N: ops::Div<&'r N, Output=N>,
 {
 	// Cannot filter by raw vote count, as candidates may have 0.00 votes but still have recorded ballot papers
-	let mut excluded_with_votes: Vec<(&&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter()
+	let mut excluded_with_votes: Vec<(&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter()
 		.filter(|(_, cc)| cc.state == CandidateState::Excluded && !cc.finalised)
 		.collect();
 	
@@ -1649,7 +1649,7 @@ where
 		let order_excluded = excluded_with_votes[0].1.order_elected;
 		let excluded_candidates: Vec<&Candidate> = excluded_with_votes.into_iter()
 			.filter(|(_, cc)| cc.order_elected == order_excluded)
-			.map(|(c, _)| *c)
+			.map(|(c, _)| c)
 			.collect();
 		
 		let names: Vec<&str> = excluded_candidates.iter().map(|c| c.name.as_str()).sorted().collect();
@@ -1757,9 +1757,9 @@ fn init_tiebreaks<N: Number>(state: &mut CountState<N>, opts: &STVOptions) {
 	}
 	
 	// Sort candidates in this stage by votes, grouping by ties
-	let mut sorted_candidates: Vec<(&&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter().collect();
+	let mut sorted_candidates: Vec<(&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter().collect();
 	sorted_candidates.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.1.votes.cmp(&b.1.votes));
-	let sorted_candidates: Vec<Vec<(&&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)>> = sorted_candidates.into_iter()
+	let sorted_candidates: Vec<Vec<(&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)>> = sorted_candidates.into_iter()
 		.group_by(|(_, cc)| &cc.votes)
 		.into_iter()
 		.map(|(_, candidates)| candidates.collect())
@@ -1795,23 +1795,23 @@ fn update_tiebreaks<N: Number>(state: &mut CountState<N>, _opts: &STVOptions) {
 	}
 	
 	// Sort candidates in this stage by votes, grouping by ties
-	let mut sorted_candidates: Vec<(&&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter().collect();
+	let mut sorted_candidates: Vec<(&Candidate, &CountCard<N>)> = state.candidates.iter().collect();
 	sorted_candidates.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.1.votes.cmp(&b.1.votes));
 	let sorted_candidates: Vec<Vec<&Candidate>> = sorted_candidates.into_iter()
 		.group_by(|(_, cc)| &cc.votes)
 		.into_iter()
-		.map(|(_, candidates)| candidates.map(|(c, _)| *c).collect())
+		.map(|(_, candidates)| candidates.map(|(c, _)| c).collect())
 		.collect();
 	
 	// Update forwards tie-breaking order
 	if let Some(hm) = state.forwards_tiebreak.as_mut() {
 		// TODO: Check if already completely sorted
-		let mut sorted_last_round: Vec<(&&Candidate, &usize)> = hm.iter().collect();
+		let mut sorted_last_round: Vec<(&Candidate, &usize)> = hm.iter().collect();
 		sorted_last_round.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.1.cmp(b.1));
 		let sorted_last_round: Vec<Vec<&Candidate>> = sorted_last_round.into_iter()
 			.group_by(|(_, v)| **v)
 			.into_iter()
-			.map(|(_, group)| group.map(|(c, _)| *c).collect())
+			.map(|(_, group)| group.map(|(c, _)| c).collect())
 			.collect();
 		
 		let mut i: usize = 0;