From 3a06654a5391b4738928ff4cd259413b7392d48c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: RunasSudo Date: Sat, 23 Sep 2023 23:20:05 +1000 Subject: [PATCH] Edition 0.4.2 Add discussion of: - meeting in camera - starring agenda items Expand comparative notes on procedural motions Refer to Magner (1994) for additional context Correct/update many legal citations New cover --- .gitignore | 1 + STYLE.txt | 4 +- _static/cover.jpg | Bin 81260 -> 52367 bytes _static/custom_html.css | 20 ++ altering-flow.rst | 621 +++++++++++++++++++++++---------------- committees.rst.bak | 19 -- conf.py | 4 +- epub-copyright.xhtml | 5 +- extension.py | 22 ++ holding-meetings.rst | 65 ++-- introduction.rst | 2 +- meetings.rst | 12 +- miscellanea.rst | 15 +- order-of-business.rst | 6 +- preamble.tex.txt | 13 +- standing-orders.rst.bak | 2 - transacting-business.rst | 27 +- voting.rst | 12 +- 18 files changed, 513 insertions(+), 337 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 committees.rst.bak delete mode 100644 standing-orders.rst.bak diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 6c014f9..b9c9ebb 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ __pycache__ _build +*.log diff --git a/STYLE.txt b/STYLE.txt index ae75228..d24b96a 100644 --- a/STYLE.txt +++ b/STYLE.txt @@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ author–date style of referencing, as in ‘Smith 2020, pp. 1–4’. 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pD?6K2O?FlUE1542|LpGTZeYE>KDsv2oVnRUnqU9s5Bt9l{{wt4m8Spz diff --git a/_static/custom_html.css b/_static/custom_html.css index de17dfc..4c72b5e 100644 --- a/_static/custom_html.css +++ b/_static/custom_html.css @@ -86,6 +86,26 @@ a, a.reference, a.footnote-reference { padding: 2px; } +/* Admonitions */ + +div.admonition { + padding-top: 20px; + padding-bottom: 20px; + background-color: #f6f6f6; +} + +div.admonition p.admonition-title { + font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif; + font-weight: 600; + font-size: 1.2rem; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +p.admonition-title::after { + content: ""; +} + /* Sidebar */ div.sphinxsidebarwrapper p.caption { diff --git a/altering-flow.rst b/altering-flow.rst index 28ad658..f88e4f3 100644 --- a/altering-flow.rst +++ b/altering-flow.rst @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Procedural motions, generally At times, it may come to be that the general procedure described in the preceding chapters is temporarily unsuited towards the discussion before a meeting. In this case, members may wish to move a *procedural motion*. -A procedural motion is a form of subsidiary motion which relates to the procedure of the meeting itself. +A procedural motion is a form of motion which relates to the procedure of the meeting itself. Classifications of procedural motions ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ @@ -97,21 +97,21 @@ Closure +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That the question be now put*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | No\ [#fn15]_ | + | **Debatable?** | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Magner (2012) `, | + | | :ref:`Puregger (1998) `, :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn15]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn104]_ or No\ [#fn44]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Magner (2012) `, :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `\ [#fn104]_ | | seconder?** | | + | | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn44]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Yes\ [#fn15]_ | - | discretion | | - | to accept?** | | + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Curry et al. (1975) `,\ [#fn128]_ :ref:`Lang (2015) `, | + | discretion | :ref:`Magner (2012) `, | + | to accept?** | :ref:`Puregger (1998) `, :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn15]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Unlike most other procedural motions, the closure may be moved while another member is speaking.\ [#fn15]_ -If carried, the effect of the closure motion is to end the debate immediately. No other discussion, aside from the mover in reply (if applicable) is permitted, nor are any further amendments. If there is a subsidiary motion (e.g. an amendment or another procedural motion) before the meeting, the closure applies to the subsidiary motion only.\ [#fn15]_ - -:ref:`Magner (2012) ` suggests that two thirds of members voting on the question must vote in favour for the closure to be carried, but this is not supported by any other Australian authorities.\ [#fn54]_ +If carried,\ [#fn131]_ the effect of the closure motion is to end the debate immediately. No other discussion, aside from the mover in reply (if applicable) is permitted, nor are any further amendments. If there is a subsidiary motion (e.g. an amendment or another procedural motion) before the meeting, the closure applies to the subsidiary motion only.\ [#fn15]_ In North America, closure is also referred to as *cloture*, or ordering the *previous question*.\ [#fn4]_ However, this is very different to what is called the :ref:`previous question ` in Australian and Commonwealth meeting procedure. @@ -130,14 +130,19 @@ Gag +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That the speaker be no longer heard*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn28]_ or No\ [#fn29]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn115]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn28]_ | + | | | + | | No: :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `,\ [#fn115]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn29]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn28]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn115]_ or No\ [#fn29]_ | - | seconder?** | | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn28]_, | + | seconder?** | :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `\ [#fn115]_ | + | | | + | | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn29]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Yes\ [#fn28]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn29]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn115]_ | - | discretion | | - | to accept?** | | + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn28]_, | + | discretion | :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `,\ [#fn115]_ | + | to accept?** | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn29]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Unlike most other procedural motions, the gag may be moved while another member is speaking.\ [#fn28]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn115]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn30]_ @@ -160,12 +165,12 @@ Guillotine | **Form** | ‘*That the speaker be heard for (or “the debate be limited to”) a further [length of | | | time] only*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | No\ [#fn47]_ | + | **Debatable?** | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn47]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | No\ [#fn47]_ | + | **Requires | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn47]_ | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Yes\ [#fn47]_ | + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn47]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -201,16 +206,22 @@ The *kangaroo closure* authorises the Chair to select which amendments are worth Avoiding consideration ---------------------- -Procedural motions in this section may appear similar to those in the previous section, but whereas those in the previous section seek to bring forward voting on the original question, motions in this section seek to avoid voting on the original question entirely. +Procedural motions in this section may appear similar to those in the previous section, but whereas those in the previous section seek to bring forward voting on the original question, motions in this section seek to avoid voting on the original question entirely.\ [#fn132]_ Of course, if there is any disagreement, there will then need to be a vote on whether to avoid voting on the original question, which would seem to somewhat defeat the point, but the distinction may be important for some meeting participants. -Objection to consideration -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -:ref:`Magner (2012) ` suggests that, once a motion is moved (and, if applicable, seconded), but before debate commences, a member may rise and say ‘*I object to the consideration of the question*’.\ [#fn51]_ The effect of the objection is to require the Chair to immediately put without debate the question ‘*That the question be now considered*’. If two thirds of members voting on that question vote against the consideration, the matter is dropped. - -This mechanism is not attested to in any other Australian or UK authority consulted, and appears to be a North American import from *Robert's Rules*.\ [#fn52]_ Indeed, the other main North American authority, *The Standard Code*, rejects this procedure in favour of immediately moving to :mref:`lay on the table `.\ [#fn88]_ +.. comment + Objection to consideration + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + :ref:`Magner (2012) ` suggests that, once a motion is moved (and, if applicable, seconded), but before debate commences, a member may rise and say ‘*I object to the consideration of the question*’.\ [#fn51]_ The effect of the objection is to require the Chair to immediately put without debate the question ‘*That the question be now considered*’. If two thirds of members voting on that question vote against the consideration, the matter is dropped. + + .. [#fn51] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.15. + + This mechanism is not attested to in any other Australian or UK authority consulted, and appears to be a North American import from *Robert's Rules*.\ [#fn52]_ Indeed, the other main North American authority, *The Standard Code*, rejects this procedure in favour of immediately moving :ref:`next business `.\ [#fn88]_ + + .. [#fn52] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §26. + .. [#fn88] :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 233. Sturgis refers to ‘laying on the table’, but this usage is more similar to next business. .. index:: next business, motion; next business, That; the meeting proceed to the next business, That; the motion (or amendment) be withdrawn @@ -228,18 +239,26 @@ Next business | **Form** | ‘*That the meeting proceed to the next business*’ or ‘*That the motion (or | | | “amendment”) be withdrawn*’\ [#fn19]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | No\ [#fn19]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn20]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn45]_:superscript:`,`\ | - | | [#fn109]_ | + | **Debatable?** | No: :ref:`Curry et al. (1975) `,\ [#fn127]_ | + | | :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn20]_ | + | | :ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn109]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `,\ [#fn19]_ :ref:`Puregger (1998) `\ [#fn45]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn45]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn109]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn112]_ | - | seconder?** | or No\ [#fn19]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn20]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Curry et al. (1975) `,\ [#fn127]_ | + | seconder?** | :ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn109]_ | + | | :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `,\ [#fn112]_ | + | | :ref:`Puregger (1998) `\ [#fn45]_ | + | | | + | | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `,\ [#fn19]_ :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn20]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn19]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn112]_ or No\ [#fn20]_ | - | discretion | | + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `,\ [#fn112]_ | + | discretion | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn19]_ | | to accept?** | | + | | No: :ref:`Curry et al. (1975) `,\ [#fn127]_ | + | | :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn20]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -If carried, the effect of next business is that the motion to which it relates is immediately dismissed without a further vote. If there is a subsidiary motion before the meeting, next business applies to the subsidiary motion only.\ [#fn19]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn20]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn45]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn109]_ +If carried, the effect of next business is that the motion to which it relates is immediately dismissed without a further vote. If there is a subsidiary motion before the meeting, next business applies to the subsidiary motion only.\ [#fn19]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn20]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn109]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn45]_ .. index:: previous question, motion; previous question, That; the question be not now put @@ -256,107 +275,37 @@ Previous question +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That the question be not now put*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes, and debate may be taken on the substantive motion – see below\ | - | | [#fn17]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn18]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn53]_:superscript:`,`\ | - | | [#fn111]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes, and debate may be taken on the substantive motion – see below: | + | | :ref:`Curry et al. (1975) `,\ [#fn127]_ | + | | :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn17]_ | + | | :ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn53]_ | + | | :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `,\ [#fn111]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn18]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn17]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn18]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn53]_:superscript:`,`\ | - | seconder?** | [#fn111]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Curry et al. (1975) `,\ [#fn127]_ | + | seconder?** | :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn17]_ | + | | :ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn53]_ | + | | :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `,\ [#fn111]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn18]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn45]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn17]_:superscript:`,`\ | - | discretion | [#fn53]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn111]_ or No\ [#fn18]_ | - | to accept?** | | + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn17]_ :ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn53]_ | + | discretion | :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `,\ [#fn111]_ | + | to accept?** | :ref:`Puregger (1998) `\ [#fn45]_ | + | | | + | | No: :ref:`Curry et al. (1975) `,\ [#fn127]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn18]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -The previous question may be moved only to a substantive motion, not to an amendment.\ [#fn45]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn17]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn18]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn53]_ Unlike other procedural motions, the debate on the previous question is not confined only to the procedural motion itself, but extends also to the substantive motion to which it relates. +The previous question may be moved only to a substantive motion, not to an amendment.\ [#fn127]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn45]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn17]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn53]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn18]_ Unlike other procedural motions, the debate on the previous question is not confined only to the procedural motion itself, but extends also to the substantive motion to which it relates. -If carried, the effect of the previous question is the same as :ref:`next business ` (as the substantive motion is ‘not now put’). If lost, the effect is the same as :ref:`closure ` (as the substantive motion is ‘now put’).\ [#fn45]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn17]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn18]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn53]_ +If carried,\ [#fn131]_ the effect of the previous question is the same as :ref:`next business ` (as the substantive motion is ‘not now put’). If lost, the effect is the same as :ref:`closure ` (as the substantive motion is ‘now put’).\ [#fn127]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn45]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn17]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn53]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn18]_ -:ref:`Magner (2012) ` suggests that two thirds of members voting on the question must vote in favour for the previous question to be carried, but this is not supported by any other Australian authorities.\ [#fn53]_ - -This would have the implication that, once the previous question is moved and accepted, no further amendments may be moved. To avoid this, :ref:`Renton (2005) `, which is of the opinion that the Chair has no discretion to decline the motion, alternatively suggests that further amendments may be moved, and the previous question is to be treated as a foreshadowed motion until all amendments are dealt with.\ [#fn18]_ +This imply that, once the previous question is moved and accepted, no further amendments may be moved. To avoid this, :ref:`Renton (2005) `, which is of the opinion that the Chair has no discretion to decline the motion, alternatively suggests that further amendments may be moved, and the previous question is to be treated as a foreshadowed motion until all amendments are dealt with.\ [#fn18]_ Note that this motion, the previous question as it exists in Australia and the Commonwealth, is *very* different to what is referred to as the *previous question* in North American meeting procedure (e.g. *Robert's Rules*). In North America, *previous question* refers to :ref:`closure `.\ [#fn4]_ In practice, the previous question is now primarily used to ‘confuse the meeting’.\ [#fn18]_ Indeed, the UK House of Lords removed this procedure in favour of :ref:`next business ` in 1998.\ [#fn89]_ Accordingly, the author recommends that a body's standing orders should provide that it is not in order to move the previous question. -Renewing consideration ----------------------- - -As noted in :mref:`‘Unacceptable motions’ `, meeting procedure usually prohibits a member from renewing a question which has already been decided (the *same question rule*). Procedural motions in this section seek to override this, renewing a motion which was previously defeated (potentially to now agree to it), or reconsidering a motion which was previously agreed to (potentially to now reverse it). - -.. .. index:: recommittal, motion; recommittal, That; [previous motion] be recommitted - Recommittal of question - **Form:** ‘*That [previous motion] be recommitted*’ - -.. index:: reconsideration, motion; reconsideration, That; [previous resolution] be reconsidered - -Reconsideration of question -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -.. tabularcolumns:: |Y|Z| - -.. table:: - :width: 100% - - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Form** | ‘*That [previous vote] be reconsidered*’ | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes, if the earlier question was\ [#fn60]_ | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn60]_ | - | seconder?** | | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn60]_ | - | discretion | | - | to accept?** | | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - -:ref:`Magner (2012) ` permits a motion to reconsider to be moved to correct a hasty, ill-advised or erroneous decision – either the agreeing to or negativing of an earlier question. The motion must be moved at the same meeting that the original vote was made.\ [#fn60]_ - -If carried, the effect is to set aside the result of the earlier vote, and to bring back the earlier question immediately to be voted on again.\ [#fn60]_ - -This procedure is of North American origin,\ [#fn61]_ and is not attested to by any other Australian authority consulted. :ref:`Lang (2015) ` suggests that reconsideration of this form is permitted only if the rules provide.\ [#fn62]_ The author feels this procedure can be helpful, and recommends that bodies consider including provision in their standing orders permitting it. - -:ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn60]_ ostensibly drawing on *Robert's Rules*,\ [#fn61]_ provides that the motion must be moved by a member who voted with the prevailing side (but may be seconded by anyone). Conversely, :ref:`Sturgis (2001) ` provides, and the author recommends, that the motion may be moved by anyone, on the basis that to provide otherwise would encourage gamesmanship (a member would be encouraged to initially vote insincerely to allow them to later move reconsideration), and that it is rarely possible to confirm how a member previously voted.\ [#fn90]_ - -.. index:: rescission, motion; rescission, That; [previous resolution] be rescinded - -.. _rescission: - -Rescission of resolution -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -.. tabularcolumns:: |Y|Z| - -.. table:: - :width: 100% - - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Form** | ‘*That [previous resolution] be rescinded (or “repealed” or “revoked”)*’ | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes\ [#fn57]_ | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn57]_ | - | seconder?** | | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn57]_ | - | discretion | | - | to accept?** | | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - -A motion to rescind (or ‘repeal’ or ‘revoke’) an earlier resolution may be moved as a substantive motion when no other business is before the meeting. - -If carried, the effect is to nullify the effect of the earlier resolution, subject to the provisos below. - -Authorities vary on when a previous resolution may be rescinded. :ref:`Lang (2015) ` suggests that, under the same question rule, a resolution cannot be rescinded at the same meeting it was passed. Members supporting the original resolution may have left the meeting once it was carried, and so it would be unfair to them to allow this.\ [#fn55]_ On the other hand, :ref:`Renton (2005) ` disagrees, permitting a resolution to be rescinded at the same meeting.\ [#fn56]_ - -Authorities also vary on notice requirements and majorities required for rescission. :ref:`Lang (2015) ` suggests that notice should be given in writing and attention drawn to this in the notice of the meeting.\ [#fn57]_ :ref:`Magner (2012) ` (apparently drawing on *Robert's Rules*\ [#fn58]_) suggests that two thirds of members voting on the rescission must vote in favour for the rescission to carry, unless notice is given in which case a majority is sufficient.\ [#fn59]_ - -Because of the wide range of positions on these various issues, the author recommends that the body's standing orders should clearly specify the procedure for rescinding a resolution. - -Rescission is not possible if the previous resolution has already been fully acted upon. Any action performed pursuant to a previous resolution remains valid even if the resolution is later rescinded.\ [#fn57]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn56]_ - .. _postponement: Postponement @@ -379,19 +328,23 @@ Lay on the table +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That the matter be laid on the table*’ or ‘*That the matter lie on the table*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | No\ [#fn21]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn105]_ | + | **Debatable?** | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn22]_ :ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn105]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn21]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn105]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn114]_ or No\ | - | seconder?** | [#fn21]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn22]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn105]_ | + | seconder?** | :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `\ [#fn114]_ | + | | | + | | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn22]_ :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn21]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn21]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn114]_ or No\ | - | discretion | [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn105]_ | + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `,\ [#fn114]_ | + | discretion | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn21]_ | | to accept?** | | + | | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn22]_ :ref:`Magner (2012) `\ [#fn105]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ The motion to lay on the table may be applied to a substantive motion or amendment, or to another matter, such as a report or letter presented.\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn105]_ -If carried, the effect of the motion is to temporarily defer consideration of the current matter until the body resolves, at the same or a later meeting, to :ref:`‘take it from the table’ `. The motion applies to all pending matters, so if an amendment is before the meeting, the motion to lay on the table applies to both the amendment and its principal motion.\ [#fn21]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn105]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn114]_ +If carried, the effect of the motion is to temporarily defer consideration of the current matter until the body resolves, at the same or a later meeting, to :ref:`‘take it from the table’ `. The motion applies to all pending matters, so if an amendment is before the meeting, the motion to lay on the table applies to both the amendment and its principal motion.\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn105]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn21]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn114]_ In North America, *Robert's Rules* provides that the motion to lay on the table should only be used ‘when *something else* of immediate urgency has arisen’.\ [#fn96]_ In contrast, Australian procedure,\ [#fn22]_ and other North American authorities,\ [#fn97]_ are more permissive and permit the motion to be used, for example, to wait for more information before making a decision. @@ -410,24 +363,28 @@ Take from the table +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That [matter previously laid on the table] be taken from the table*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | No\ [#fn21]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn106]_ | + | **Debatable?** | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn22]_ :ref:`Manger (2012) `,\ [#fn106]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn21]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn106]_ or No\ [#fn21]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn22]_ :ref:`Manger (2012) `\ [#fn106]_ | | seconder?** | | + | | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn21]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn21]_ or No\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn106]_ | + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn21]_ | | discretion | | - | to accept?** | | + | to accept?** | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn22]_ :ref:`Manger (2012) `\ [#fn106]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -The motion to take from the table, like a substantive motion, may only be moved when no other business is before the meeting.\ [#fn21]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn22]_ Therefore, it may be moved and seconded by any member even if they previously spoke on the tabled matter. +The motion to take from the table, like a substantive motion, may only be moved when no other business is before the meeting.\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn21]_ Therefore, it may be moved and seconded by any member even if they previously spoke on the tabled matter. -If carried, the effect of the motion is to resume consideration of the matter previously tabled at the point at which it was interrupted. It is a continuation of the same discussion, so (in large meetings) those who spoke before the matter was tabled may not speak again (except the mover in reply).\ [#fn21]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn114]_ +If carried, the effect of the motion is to resume consideration of the matter previously tabled at the point at which it was interrupted. It is a continuation of the same discussion, so (in large meetings) those who spoke before the matter was tabled may not speak again (except the mover in reply).\ [#fn22]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn21]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn114]_ It is a common practice that the member who moved that the matter lie on the table be afforded the first opportunity to speak in the resumed debate.\ [#fn22]_ .. index:: adjournment; of debate, motion; adjourn debate, That; the debate be adjourned to [time] +.. _adjourn-debate: + Adjournment of debate ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ @@ -440,28 +397,32 @@ Adjournment of debate | **Form** | ‘*That the debate be (or “stand”) adjourned*’ or ‘*That the debate be (or “stand”) | | | adjourned to [time]*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes\ [#fn23]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn24]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn46]_:superscript:`,`\ | - | | [#fn107]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn24]_ :ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn107]_ | + | | :ref:`Puregger (1998) `,\ [#fn46]_ :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn23]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn23]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn24]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn113]_ | - | seconder?** | or No\ [#fn107]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn24]_ | + | seconder?** | :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `,\ [#fn113]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn23]_ | + | | | + | | No: :ref:`Magner (2012) `\ [#fn107]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn113]_ or No\ [#fn23]_:superscript:`,`\ | - | discretion | [#fn24]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn107]_ | - | to accept?** | | + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `\ [#fn113]_ | + | discretion | | + | to accept?** | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn24]_ :ref:`Magner (2012) `\ [#fn107]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn23]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -The motion for adjournment of debate is debatable, and may be amended as to the time to which the debate is adjourned.\ [#fn23]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn24]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn46]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn113]_ +The motion for adjournment of debate is debatable, and may be amended as to the time to which the debate is adjourned.\ [#fn24]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn46]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn23]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn113]_ -If carried, the effect is to temporarily postpone (*adjourn*) consideration of the current matter until the specified time. If no time is specified, a further motion may be moved fixing the time to adjourn the debate to;\ [#fn23]_ otherwise, the matter is postponed until the next regular meeting of the body.\ [#fn23]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn24]_ +If carried, the effect is to temporarily postpone (*adjourn*) consideration of the current matter until the specified time. If no time is specified, a further motion may be moved fixing the time to adjourn the debate to;\ [#fn23]_ otherwise, the matter is postponed until the next regular meeting of the body.\ [#fn24]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn23]_ .. index:: adjournment; of debate (sine die), motion; adjourn debate (sine die), That; the debate be adjourned sine die If the motion includes the words ‘*sine die*’ (without specified day), consideration of the matter is postponed indefinitely, until listed on a future agenda by the Chair, Secretary or notice of motion.\ [#fn24]_ In this respect, the effect would be similar to the motion to :ref:`lay on the table `. -The motion applies to all pending matters, so if an amendment or other subsidiary motion is before the meeting, the motion to adjourn the debate applies to both the subsidiary motion and its principal motion.\ [#fn23]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn24]_ +The motion applies to all pending matters, so if an amendment or other subsidiary motion is before the meeting, the motion to adjourn the debate applies to both the subsidiary motion and its principal motion.\ [#fn24]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn23]_ -It is a common practice that the member who moved that the debate be adjourned be afforded the first opportunity to speak in the resumed debate.\ [#fn24]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn113]_ +It is a common practice that the member who moved that the debate be adjourned be afforded the first opportunity to speak in the resumed debate.\ [#fn129]_ .. Resumption of adjourned debate @@ -480,13 +441,14 @@ Reference motion +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That the matter be referred to a committee*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes\ [#fn92]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn108]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Magner (2012) `, | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn92]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn108]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn92]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn108]_ | - | seconder?** | | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Magner (2012) `, | + | seconder?** | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn92]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn108]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn92]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn108]_ | - | discretion | | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Magner (2012) `, | + | discretion | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn92]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn108]_ | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -513,12 +475,12 @@ Refer back +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That the matter be referred back to the committee*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes\ [#fn92]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn92]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn92]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn92]_ | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn91]_ | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn91]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -543,13 +505,16 @@ Adjournment of meeting | **Form** | ‘*That the meeting be (or “stand”) adjourned*’ or ‘*That the meeting be (or “stand”) | | | adjourned to [time, or time and place]*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn25]_ or No\ [#fn110]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Magner (1994) `, | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn25]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn133]_ | + | | | + | | No: :ref:`Manger (2012) `\ [#fn110]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn25]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn110]_ | - | seconder?** | | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Manger (2012) `, | + | seconder?** | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn25]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn110]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn25]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn110]_ | - | discretion | | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `, :ref:`Manger (2012) `, | + | discretion | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn25]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn110]_ | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -559,7 +524,7 @@ If carried, the effect of the motion is to suspend the meeting immediately until The motion may prescribe the time and place specifically, or may prescribe, for example, that the meeting is to be adjourned ‘*to a time and place to be fixed by the Chair*’.\ [#fn64]_ -If no time is prescribed, the meeting is to be adjourned to the time of the next regular meeting of the body.\ [#fn25]_ +If no time is prescribed, the meeting is to be adjourned to the time of the next regular meeting of the body.\ [#fn25]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn133]_ If the motion includes the words ‘*sine die*’ (without specified day), see instead :msubref:`AdjournMeetingSD `. @@ -575,16 +540,51 @@ The resumption of an adjourned meeting is considered a continuation of the same * the only business which may be transacted is the unfinished business of the original meeting * any references by rules or conventions to the ‘same meeting’ include both parts of an adjourned meeting\ [#fn68]_ -Form of debate --------------- +Renewing consideration +---------------------- -Procedural motions in this section deal with the form in which a matter is debated. +As noted in :mref:`‘Unacceptable motions’ `, meeting procedure usually prohibits a member from renewing a question which has already been decided (the *same question rule*). Procedural motions in this section seek to override this, renewing a motion which was previously defeated (potentially to now agree to it), or reconsidering a motion which was previously agreed to (potentially to now reverse it). -.. index:: seriatim, motion; consider seriatim, That; the motion be considered seriatim +.. .. index:: recommittal, motion; recommittal, That; [previous motion] be recommitted + Recommittal of question + **Form:** ‘*That [previous motion] be recommitted*’ -.. _consideration-seriatim: +.. index:: reconsideration, motion; reconsideration, That; [previous resolution] be reconsidered -Consideration *seriatim* +Reconsideration of question +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. tabularcolumns:: |Y|Z| + +.. table:: + :width: 100% + + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Form** | ‘*That [previous vote] be reconsidered*’ | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Debatable?** | Yes, if the earlier question was: :ref:`Magner (2012) `\ [#fn60]_ | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Magner (2012) `\ [#fn60]_ | + | seconder?** | | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn62]_ | + | discretion | | + | to accept?** | No: :ref:`Magner (2012) `\ [#fn60]_ | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +:ref:`Magner (2012) ` permits a motion to reconsider to be moved to correct a hasty, ill-advised or erroneous decision – either the agreeing to or negativing of an earlier question. The motion must be moved at the same meeting that the original vote was made.\ [#fn60]_ + +If carried, the effect is to set aside the result of the earlier vote, and to bring back the earlier question immediately to be voted on again.\ [#fn60]_ + +This procedure is of North American origin,\ [#fn61]_ and is not attested to by any other Australian authority consulted. :ref:`Lang (2015) ` suggests that reconsideration of this form is permitted only if the rules provide.\ [#fn62]_ The author feels this procedure can be helpful, and recommends that bodies consider including provision in their standing orders permitting it. + +:ref:`Magner (2012) `,\ [#fn60]_ ostensibly drawing on *Robert's Rules*,\ [#fn61]_ provides that the motion must be moved by a member who voted with the prevailing side (but may be seconded by anyone). Conversely, :ref:`Sturgis (2001) ` provides, and the author recommends, that the motion may be moved by anyone, on the basis that to provide otherwise would encourage gamesmanship (a member would be encouraged to initially vote insincerely to allow them to later move reconsideration), and that it is rarely possible to confirm how a member previously voted.\ [#fn90]_ + +.. index:: rescission, motion; rescission, That; [previous resolution] be rescinded + +.. _rescission: + +Rescission of resolution ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. tabularcolumns:: |Y|Z| @@ -593,19 +593,61 @@ Consideration *seriatim* :width: 100% +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Form** | ‘*That the motion be considered seriatim*’ | + | **Form** | ‘*That [previous resolution] be rescinded (or “repealed” or “revoked”)*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes\ [#fn69]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn57]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn69]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn57]_ | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn69]_ | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn57]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -If a motion is long and divided into many parts (an :ref:`omnibus motion `), a procedural motion may be moved to consider the motion *seriatim* (paragraph by paragraph).\ [#fn69]_ +A motion to rescind (or ‘repeal’ or ‘revoke’) an earlier resolution may be moved as a substantive motion when no other business is before the meeting. + +If carried, the effect is to nullify the effect of the earlier resolution, subject to the provisos below. + +Authorities vary on when a previous resolution may be rescinded. :ref:`Lang (2015) ` suggests that, under the same question rule, a resolution cannot be rescinded at the same meeting it was passed. Members supporting the original resolution may have left the meeting once it was carried, and so it would be unfair to them to allow this.\ [#fn55]_ :ref:`Francis et al. (2012) ` take a similar view.\ [#fn118]_ On the other hand, :ref:`Renton (2005) ` disagrees, permitting a resolution to be rescinded at the same meeting.\ [#fn56]_ + +Authorities also vary on notice requirements and majorities required for rescission. :ref:`Lang (2015) ` suggests that notice should be given in writing and attention drawn to this in the notice of the meeting.\ [#fn57]_ :ref:`Magner (2012) ` (apparently drawing on *Robert's Rules*\ [#fn58]_) suggests that two thirds of members voting on the rescission must vote in favour for the rescission to carry, unless notice is given in which case a majority is sufficient.\ [#fn59]_ + +Because of the wide range of positions on these various issues, the author recommends that the body's standing orders should clearly specify the procedure for rescinding a resolution. + +Rescission is not possible if the previous resolution has already been fully acted upon. Any action performed pursuant to a previous resolution remains valid even if the resolution is later rescinded.\ [#fn57]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn56]_ + +Form of debate +-------------- + +Procedural motions in this section deal with the form in which a matter is debated. + +.. index:: seriatim, motion; consider paragraph by paragraph, motion; consider seriatim, That; the motion be considered paragraph by paragraph, That; the motion be considered seriatim + +.. _consideration-seriatim: + +Consideration paragraph by paragraph (*seriatim*) +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. tabularcolumns:: |Y|Z| + +.. table:: + :width: 100% + + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Form** | ‘*That the motion be considered paragraph by paragraph (or “seriatim”)*’ | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn69]_ | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn69]_ | + | seconder?** | | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn69]_ | + | discretion | | + | to accept?** | | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +If a motion is long and divided into many parts (an :ref:`omnibus motion `), a procedural motion may be moved to consider the motion paragraph by paragraph (*seriatim*).\ [#fn69]_ If carried, the Chair will then put the first part of the motion to debate, for example, ‘*That the first paragraph be agreed to*’. Debate is restricted to that part, and amendments may be moved only to that part. The question will then be put, e.g. ‘*That the first paragraph be agreed to*’ (or ‘*That the first paragraph, as amended, be agreed to*’).\ [#fn70]_ @@ -615,10 +657,10 @@ Once all paragraphs are adopted or rejected, the meeting then considers the prea By this point, the text of the motion has been finalised, and the final question is put for debate and then to a vote, ‘*That the motion be agreed to*’. If the question is agreed to, the motion is finally carried. If the question is negatived, the motion is lost. -.. index:: en bloc, motion; consider en bloc, debate; cognate, That; [motions] be debated en bloc +.. index:: en bloc, motion; consider en bloc, motion; consider together, motion; cognate debate, debate; cognate, That; [motions] be debated (etc.) en bloc -Consideration *en bloc* -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +Cognate debate and consideration together (*en bloc*) +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. tabularcolumns:: |Y|Z| @@ -643,6 +685,17 @@ Usually, only one motion is considered by a meeting at any one time. However, it This procedure was not described by any Australian authorities consulted, but can sometimes be seen at meetings. Typically, the intention to consider business *en bloc* will be noted in the agenda, and permission to do so obtained by :ref:`leave `. +.. index:: That; the (un)starred items be adopted en bloc, agenda; starring of items + +Starring of agenda items +************************ + +*En bloc* consideration may take the form of *starring* certain uncontroversial items on the agenda (or, according to the body's conventions, starring controversial items and leaving the remainder unstarred).\ [#fn126]_ + +At the start of the meeting, as one of the first items of business, opportunity would be provided for any member to object to the starring of any items (or, if it is the controversial items that are starred, request additional items to be starred). + +A motion would then be moved ‘*That the starred items (or “unstarred items”, as appropriate) be adopted en bloc*’. + .. index:: committee; of the whole, That; the meeting resolve itself into a committee of the whole .. _cotw: @@ -658,12 +711,12 @@ Committee of the whole +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That the meeting resolve itself into a committee of the whole*’\ [#fn71]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | No\ [#fn71]_ | + | **Debatable?** | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn71]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | No\ [#fn71]_ | + | **Requires | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn71]_ | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Yes\ [#fn71]_ | + | **Chair's | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn71]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -711,6 +764,8 @@ As an alternative to formally resolving into a committee of the whole, a motion If carried, the matter is ‘debated as if in committee’, and hence members may speak more than once on the same question. However, the meeting continues to be one of the original body, so minutes continue to be kept, and motions and amendments may eventually be put directly to a vote, without needing to go through a stage of ‘reporting’. +.. _general-discussion: + General discussion ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ @@ -738,22 +793,52 @@ Grievance debate | **Form** | ‘*That the Chair do leave the chair*’\ [#fn78]_ or ‘*That grievances be noted*’\ | | | [#fn80]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes\ [#fn78]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `, :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn78]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn78]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `, :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn78]_ | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn78]_ | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `, :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn78]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ This section describes the motion ‘*That the Chair do leave the chair*’ when used as a substantive motion when no other business is before the meeting. See also :mref:`‘Vacate the chair’ `. -The motion ‘*That the Chair do leave the chair*’ is nominally one on adversely reviewing the performance of the Chair.\ [#fn79]_ However, it is customarily used as a motion on which debate may be taken on all subjects, and therefore as a vehicle for general discussion. It is known, in this sense, as a *grievance debate*, hence the alternative form.\ [#fn80]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn117]_ +The motion ‘*That the Chair do leave the chair*’ is nominally one on adversely reviewing the performance of the Chair.\ [#fn79]_ However, it is customarily used in Australia as a motion on which debate may be taken on all subjects, and therefore as a vehicle for general discussion. It is known, in this sense, as a *grievance debate*, hence the alternative form.\ [#fn117]_ If the motion ‘*That the Chair do leave the chair*’ were to be carried, the effect would be as described in :ref:`‘Vacate the chair’ `; namely, to terminate the meeting. Therefore, this form of motion is typically withdrawn by leave when the desired discussion has been completed.\ [#fn78]_ +Closed meeting (*in camera*) +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. tabularcolumns:: |Y|Z| + +.. table:: + :width: 100% + + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Form** | ‘*That strangers be excluded*’,\ [#fn121]_ ‘*That the meeting be closed to | + | | non-members*’ or ‘*That the meeting be held in camera*’ | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn122]_ | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn122]_ | + | seconder?** | | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn122]_ | + | discretion | | + | to accept?** | | + +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ + +It may sometimes be necessary for a meeting to discuss items which, for one reason or another, are confidential. This could include personnel or disciplinary matters, tenders or ‘commercial in confidence’ contracts, or legal disputes. The meeting may therefore wish to exclude the presence of non-members. Such a closed meeting is also known as meeting *in camera*.\ [#fn125]_ In North America, this is also known as *executive session*.\ [#fn124]_ + +When a meeting is being held *in camera*, the minutes should record, in the usual way, the passing of the motion to go *in camera*, but then should not record any further details until the meeting is re-opened.\ [#fn123]_ A separate set of confidential minutes may be kept recording the proceedings of the closed meeting. This allows the minutes to honestly serve as a ‘true and accurate record’. + +When the confidential discussion is concluded, a motion ought then be moved ‘*That strangers be re-admitted*’, ‘*That the meeting be opened to non-members*’, ‘*That the meeting be held ex camera*’, etc. + +As an alternative to going *in camera*, some bodies have the habit of instead moving or directing that a particular matter ‘not be minuted’ (presumably, together with that motion itself). While technically within the competence of the meeting, :ref:`Renton (2005) ` regards this as ‘most undesirable’, and the author agrees.\ [#fn134]_ Such a direction has an air of dishonesty about it – if the minutes are to serve as a true record of the meeting, what impression does excluding a matter from the minutes create other than ‘cooking the books’? + Motions relating to the Chair ----------------------------- @@ -774,12 +859,13 @@ Member be now heard +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That [member not called upon] be now heard*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes, but should be avoided\ [#fn32]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn31]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes, but should be avoided: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn31]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn32]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn32]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn31]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn31]_ :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn32]_ | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn32]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn31]_ | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn31]_ :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn32]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -806,12 +892,14 @@ Dissent from Chair's ruling | **Form** | ‘*That the ruling of the Chair (or “your ruling”) be dissented from (or “disagreed | | | with”)*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | No\ [#fn36]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn37]_ – but see below | + | **Debatable?** | No, but see below: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn36]_ | + | | :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn37]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Authorities vary: Yes\ [#fn116]_ or No\ [#fn36]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn37]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Pitchforth (2010) `\ [#fn116]_ | | seconder?** | | + | | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `,\ [#fn36]_ :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn37]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | Authorities vary: see below | + | **Chair's | See below | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -841,12 +929,12 @@ Want of confidence in the Chair +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That the Chair (or “you”) do not have the confidence of this meeting*’\ [#fn5]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes\ [#fn35]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn35]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn35]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn35]_ | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn35]_ | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn35]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -861,7 +949,7 @@ If carried, the effect of the motion is that the Chair should resign as chair of :ref:`Magner (2012) ` suggests that a motion of no confidence in the Chair should never be moved, and one of the following 2 motions should instead be used.\ [#fn40]_ -.. index:: removal of Chair, motion; removal of Chair, Chair; removal of, That; [name] do take the chair, That; the Chair vacate the chair in favour of [name] +.. index:: removal of Chair, motion; removal of Chair, Chair; removal of, That; [name] take the chair, That; the Chair vacate the chair in favour of [name] Removal of Chair and new election ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ @@ -875,12 +963,12 @@ Removal of Chair and new election | **Form** | ‘*That the meeting declare the chair vacant and proceed to elect a new | | | Chair*’\ [#fn40]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes | + | **Debatable?** | As per :ref:`‘Want of confidence in the Chair’ ` | + +----------------+ + + | **Requires | | | seconder?** | | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No | + +----------------+ + + | **Chair's | | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -896,16 +984,16 @@ Replacement of Chair by named successor :width: 100% +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Form** | ‘*That [name] do take the chair*’\ [#fn40]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn11]_ or ‘*That the | + | **Form** | ‘*That [name] take the chair*’\ [#fn40]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn11]_ or ‘*That the | | | Chair (or “you”) vacate the chair in favour of | | | [name]*’\ [#fn40]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn41]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes | + | **Debatable?** | As per :ref:`‘Want of confidence in the Chair’ ` | + +----------------+ + + | **Requires | | | seconder?** | | - +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No | + +----------------+ + + | **Chair's | | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -929,22 +1017,37 @@ Suspension of rules | | [desired object]*’\ [#fn86]_ or ‘*That the standing orders (or “rules”) be so far | | | suspended as to enable [desired object]*’\ [#fn87]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes\ [#fn81]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn81]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | Yes\ [#fn81]_ | + | **Requires | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn81]_ | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn81]_ | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn81]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -If it is desired to temporarily alter the standing orders, rules or conventions of meeting procedure, a motion may be moved to suspend the rules for this purpose. +If it is desired to temporarily alter the standing orders, rules or conventions of meeting procedure, a motion may be moved to suspend the rules for a particular purpose; for example: + +* if the standing orders ordinarily require a particular motion to be moved on notice: *That the standing orders be so far suspended as to enable the following motion to be moved immediately: …* + +.. + +* if the standing orders ordinarily do not allow guests to speak: *That the standing orders be so far suspended as to enable [distinguished guest] to speak* The body's standing orders should make clear how the rules may be suspended. If this is not specified, authorities vary. :ref:`Renton (2005) ` suggests that only an ordinary majority would be required,\ [#fn81]_ whereas :ref:`Puregger (1998) ` suggests that a unanimous vote would be required.\ [#fn82]_ Note that, unless otherwise provided, a motion to suspend the rules cannot dispense with a requirement of rules externally imposed on the body (for example, by the organisation's constitution) or a requirement of law. A motion to suspend the rules, for example, cannot relax the requirement for a quorum. +.. index:: That; the standing orders be suspended, That; the standing orders be resumed + +Suspension of rules to enable informal debate +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +A slightly different meaning of ‘suspending the standing orders’ is used by some bodies – in these bodies, the motion ‘*That the standing orders be suspended*’ is moved with the intention of relaxing the rules of debate to permitting a more informal mode of discussion. The motion ‘*That the standing orders be resumed*’ might then be moved to resume the formal rules of debate.\ [#fn119]_ + +This practice is probably to be avoided. The plain meaning of ‘*That the standing orders be suspended*’ is to suspend *all* standing orders, which may well include important rules that should not be suspended. Rather, see :ref:`‘Committee of the whole’ `, :ref:`‘Committee debate’ ` or :ref:`‘General discussion’ `, as appropriate. + .. _leave: Leave @@ -952,6 +1055,8 @@ Leave As an alternative to moving suspension of the rules, a member may *seek leave* (*unanimous consent*) to do something which would otherwise be prevented by the rules, by rising and saying ‘*I seek leave to*’, followed by the objective.\ [#fn83]_ +For example, in the example from the previous section where the standing orders ordinarily require a particular motion to be moved on notice, one could say ‘*I seek leave to move the following motion immediately: …*’. + The Chair will then ask words to the effect of ‘*Is leave granted?*’ or ‘*Is there any objection to leave being granted?*’ If no member rises to object, leave is granted. If, however, any member objects, then leave is not granted, and an alternative approach will be required (such as to move to suspend the rules).\ [#fn83]_ .. index:: closing meeting, meeting; closing, motion; close meeting @@ -1014,9 +1119,9 @@ Adjournment of meeting *sine die* | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -The word *adjourn* comes from the Old French *a jorn (nomé)*, meaning ‘to an (appointed) day’.\ [#fn6]_ It would make sense, then, for the term *adjourn* to be reserved for postponement to a specified time. However, a motion adjourning the meeting ‘*sine die*’ (without specified day) is commonly used to close the meeting, with no intention of reopening it.\ [#fn25]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn7]_ +The word *adjourn* comes from the Old French *a jorn (nomé)*, meaning ‘to an (appointed) day’.\ [#fn6]_ It would make sense, then, for the term *adjourn* to be reserved for postponement to a specified time. However, a motion adjourning the meeting ‘*sine die*’ (without specified day) is sometimes used to close the meeting, with no intention of reopening it.\ [#fn25]_ -Confusingly, this is sometimes the intention even if the words ‘*sine die*’ are omitted.\ [#fn25]_ +Confusingly, this is sometimes the intention even if the words ‘*sine die*’ are omitted.\ [#fn120]_ .. index:: report progress, motion; report progress, That; the Chair report progress, committee of the whole; reporting progress @@ -1034,12 +1139,12 @@ Report progress | **Form** | ‘*That the Chair report progress*’ or ‘*That the Chair report progress and ask leave | | | to sit again*’\ [#fn75]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | Yes\ [#fn75]_ | + | **Debatable?** | Yes: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn75]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Requires | No (as moved in committee) | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn75]_ | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Renton (2005) `\ [#fn75]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -1063,12 +1168,12 @@ Vacate the chair +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Form** | ‘*That the Chair do leave the chair*’ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Debatable?** | No\ [#fn27]_ | + | **Debatable?** | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn27]_ | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Requires | No\ [#fn27]_ | + | **Requires | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn27]_ | | seconder?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | **Chair's | No\ [#fn27]_ | + | **Chair's | No: :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn27]_ | | discretion | | | to accept?** | | +----------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ @@ -1087,101 +1192,111 @@ Recall from :mref:`‘Chair’ ` that a Chair is a requirement for a vali .. [#fn85] :ref:`Rigg 1920 `, p. 64. .. [#fn2] :ref:`Evans 2016 `, p. 234. .. [#fn100] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.4. -.. [#fn101] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §39. -.. [#fn102] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §39; :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 41. +.. [#fn101] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶39:1. +.. [#fn102] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶39:3; :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 41. .. [#fn14] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.7; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.9. .. [#fn13] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.7; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 61. .. [#fn43] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.7; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 61. :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶¶6.17–25 disagrees, providing that the reference motion and meeting adjournment (but not debate adjournment) give a right of reply. -.. [#fn15] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.17; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.8; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.50; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 58. +.. [#fn15] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.8; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.50; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 58; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.17. .. [#fn104] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.50; :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-230. -.. [#fn44] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.17; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.8. -.. [#fn54] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.50. -.. [#fn4] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §16; :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 65. +.. [#fn44] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.8; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.17. +.. [#fn128] :ref:`Curry et al. 1975 `, pp. 29–30. +.. [#fn131] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶¶9.45, 9.50, suggests that two thirds of members voting on the question must vote in favour for the closure or previous question to be carried, but this is not supported by any other Australian authorities. Indeed, this is not noted in :ref:`Magner 1994 `, pp. 50–51, and appears to be a North American import: cf. :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶16:5. +.. [#fn4] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶16:1; :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 65. .. [#fn28] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.17. -.. [#fn29] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.25. .. [#fn115] :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-265. +.. [#fn29] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.25. .. [#fn30] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.7. .. [#fn47] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.25. .. [#fn48] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.25; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 61; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.9; :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, p. 393. .. [#fn49] None of the authorities consulted provided wording for the kangaroo closure. This wording is based loosely on Standing Order 32 of the UK Parliament. *Standing Orders of the House of Commons: public business 2019*. London: UK Parliament; 2019 Nov 5 [cited 2021 Feb 26]. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201919/cmstords/341/body.html#_idTextAnchor169. .. [#fn50] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.10; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 61. -.. [#fn51] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.15. -.. [#fn52] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §26. -.. [#fn88] :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 233. +.. [#fn132] In addition to the motions in this section, :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.15, describes a mechanism of ‘objecting to the consideration of the question’. This is not attested to in any other Australian authority, is not discussed in :ref:`Magner 1994 `, and appears to be an American import from *Robert's Rules*: cf. :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §26. Indeed, the other main North American authority, *The Standard Code*, rejects it in favour of immediately moving :ref:`next business `: :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 233. .. [#fn19] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.19. +.. [#fn127] :ref:`Curry et al. 1975 `, p. 29. .. [#fn20] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.12. -.. [#fn45] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 59. .. [#fn109] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.40. +.. [#fn45] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 59. .. [#fn112] :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-250. .. [#fn17] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.11. -.. [#fn18] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.18. .. [#fn53] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.45. .. [#fn111] :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-245. +.. [#fn18] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.18, App. 7. .. [#fn89] Select Committee on Modernisation of the House of Commons. *Modernisation of the House of Commons: fourth report*. London: UK Parliament; 1998 [cited 2021 Mar 20]. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmselect/cmmodern/600iv/md0405.htm. -.. [#fn60] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.70. -.. [#fn61] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §37. -.. [#fn62] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶11.21, referring to this as ‘recommittal’ and applying it only at the discretion of the chair when some members voted erroneously in confusion or misunderstanding. -.. [#fn90] :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 40. -.. [#fn57] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶11.18. ‘A rescission motion that is accepted should be dealt with according to the normal procedure for motions’. -.. [#fn55] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶11.15. -.. [#fn56] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.39. -.. [#fn58] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶35:2. -.. [#fn59] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.65. -.. [#fn21] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.24, App. 7. .. [#fn22] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.13. .. [#fn105] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.25. +.. [#fn21] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.24, App. 7. .. [#fn114] :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-260. -.. [#fn96] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §17 (emphasis added). +.. [#fn96] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶17:1 (emphasis added). .. [#fn97] :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 69. .. [#fn106] :ref:`Manger 2012 `, ¶9.60. -.. [#fn23] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.22. .. [#fn24] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.17. -.. [#fn46] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 60. .. [#fn107] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.20. +.. [#fn46] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 60. +.. [#fn23] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.22. .. [#fn113] :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-225. -.. [#fn92] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.21; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.19. +.. [#fn129] :ref:`Curry et al. 1975 `, p. 30; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.17; :ref:`Magner 1994 `, p. 52; :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-225. +.. [#fn92] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.19; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.21. .. [#fn108] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.30. .. [#fn91] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.21. -.. [#fn25] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.23; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.18. +.. [#fn25] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.18; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.23. +.. [#fn133] :ref:`Magner 1994 `, p. 53. .. [#fn110] :ref:`Manger 2012 `, ¶11.15. .. [#fn26] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.23. .. [#fn64] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.5; *Myer Queenstown Garden Plaza Pty Ltd v Port Adelaide City Corp* (1975) 11 SASR 504. -.. [#fn65] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.5; *Stoughton v Reynolds* (1736) Fortes Rep 168. -.. [#fn66] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.5; *Salisbury Gold Mining Co v Hathorn* [1897] AC 268. +.. [#fn65] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.5; *Stoughton v Reynolds* `(1815) 95 ER 176 `_. +.. [#fn66] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.5; *Salisbury Gold Mining Co Ltd v Hathorn* `[1897] AC 268 `_. .. [#fn67] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.6. -.. [#fn68] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.14; *Scadding v Lorant* (1851) 3 HLC 418; *Jackson v Hamlyn* [1953] Ch 577; Wills v Murray (1850) 4 Exch 843; *R v Grimshaw* (1847) 10 QB 747. +.. [#fn68] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.14; *Scadding v Lorant* `(1851) 10 ER 164 `_; *Jackson v Hamlyn* [1953] Ch 577; Wills v Murray `(1850) 154 ER 1458 `_; *R v Grimshaw* `(1847) 116 ER 284 `_. +.. [#fn60] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.70. +.. [#fn62] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶11.21, referring to this as ‘recommittal’ and applying it only at the discretion of the chair when some members voted erroneously in confusion or misunderstanding. +.. [#fn61] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §37. +.. [#fn90] :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 40. +.. [#fn57] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶11.18. ‘A rescission motion that is accepted should be dealt with according to the normal procedure for motions’. +.. [#fn55] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶11.15. +.. [#fn118] :ref:`Francis et al. 2012 `, p. 21. +.. [#fn56] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.39. +.. [#fn58] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶35:2. +.. [#fn59] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶9.65. .. [#fn69] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.36. .. [#fn70] The procedure described in this section is based on the clause-by-clause *consideration in detail* procedure of the House of Representatives: :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, pp. 377–379. .. [#fn98] Local Government Association of South Australia. *Council meeting procedures handbook*. 2nd edition. Adelaide: Local Government Association of South Australia; 2015 [cited 2021 Mar 2]. pp. 15–16. https://www.loxtonwaikerie.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0032/351959/Meeting-Procedures-Handbook-2013.pdf. .. [#fn99] :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, pp. 388–390. +.. [#fn126] :ref:`Francis et al. 2012 `, p. 18. .. [#fn71] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.95. .. [#fn72] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶52:7. .. [#fn73] :ref:`Evans 2016 `, p. 424. .. [#fn74] :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, p. 373. .. [#fn76] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶¶52:19–27, which describes 2 variants, ‘quasi-committee of the whole’ (‘consideration as if in committee of the whole’) or ‘informal consideration’. The form of motion proposed in this book is intended to invoke the effect of ‘informal consideration’. -.. [#fn77] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶7.25; *NRMA v Parker* (1986) 11 ACLR 1; *Stanham v National Trust of Australia* (1989) 7 ACLC 628. +.. [#fn77] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶7.25; *National Roads & Motorists' Association v Parker* (1986) 6 NSWLR 517; *Stanham v National Trust of Australia* (1989) 15 ACLR 87. .. [#fn95] cf. :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, pp. 500–502. .. [#fn94] :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, pp. 498–500. -.. [#fn78] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.55; :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-285. +.. [#fn78] :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-285; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.55. .. [#fn80] :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, pp. 586–587. .. [#fn79] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶6.80. See also :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, p. 586–587, which discusses the historical background. -.. [#fn117] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.55. -.. [#fn32] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.26. +.. [#fn117] :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, pp. 586–587; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.55. +.. [#fn121] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.26. *Strangers* is a traditional term for non-members: :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, p. 115; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.26. +.. [#fn122] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, App. 7. +.. [#fn125] :ref:`Francis et al. 2012 `, p. 4. +.. [#fn124] :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 108; :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶9:24. +.. [#fn123] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.97. +.. [#fn134] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.99. .. [#fn31] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶12.18. +.. [#fn32] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.26. .. [#fn36] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.6. .. [#fn37] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶7.11. .. [#fn116] :ref:`Pitchforth 2010 `, ¶3-270. .. [#fn33] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.5. .. [#fn39] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.6. Contrast :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶7.11, which regards this as ‘undesirable’. .. [#fn38] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶7.11, suggests dissent is always permitted, but cites ‘Some authorities’ taking the contrary view. :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶6.70, suggests dissent (which it calls an ‘appeal’) is never permitted (except on ruling a motion out of order) unless the rules specifically allow. -.. [#fn34] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.5; citing *Wandsworth & Putney Gaslight & Coke Co v Wright* (1870) 22 LT 404; *Wishart v Henneberry* (1962) 3 FLR 171. +.. [#fn34] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.5; citing *Wandsworth & Putney Gas-light & Coke Co v Wright* `(1870) 22 LT 404 `_; *Wishart v Henneberry* (1962) 3 FLR 171. .. [#fn103] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶6.70. -.. [#fn5] The phrasing ‘do not’ (as opposed to ‘does not’) preserves the subjunctive mood traditionally used in motions: :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.71. However, ‘does not’ is common wording, even traditionally, in a motion of want of confidence. +.. [#fn5] The phrasing ‘do not’ (as opposed to ‘does not’) preserves the subjunctive mood traditionally used in motions: :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.71. However, ‘does not’ is common wording, even traditionally, in a motion of want of confidence, and indeed is the wording prescribed by the |FTPA|_. .. [#fn35] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.76. .. [#fn40] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶6.85. .. [#fn41] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.6. .. [#fn10] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 56. -.. [#fn11] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 18. +.. [#fn11] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 18; :ref:`Francis et al. 2012 `, pp. 7–8. .. [#fn86] This is the wording used in the Australian Parliament: :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, p. 336. .. [#fn87] This wording has been attested to in New Zealand and a number of state Parliaments. See e.g.: @@ -1200,10 +1315,14 @@ Recall from :mref:`‘Chair’ ` that a Chair is a requirement for a vali * *New Zealand Hansard precedent manual*. Wellington (NZ): House of Representatives; 2004. p. 325. https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/downloadhansard/pdf/aphea/NewZealand/NZPrecedentManual.pdf. .. [#fn81] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶10.12. .. [#fn82] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 37. +.. [#fn119] :ref:`Francis et al. 2012 `, pp. 152–153; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶10.12. .. [#fn83] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶10.11. .. [#fn84] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.106; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.2. .. [#fn6] ‘Definition of adjourn’. *Lexico*. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 31]. https://www.lexico.com/definition/adjourn. -.. [#fn7] One imagines this is inspired by the Australian House of Representatives' practice of finishing each sitting day by moving ‘That the House do now adjourn’. However, the House has adopted standing orders prescribing when each sitting day commences, so, in context, this is more akin to a true :ref:`adjournment ` than an adjournment *sine die*. +.. [#fn120] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.18; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶6.23; :ref:`Sturgis 2001 `, p. 76. One imagines this is inspired by the Australian House of Representatives' practice of finishing each sitting day by moving ‘That the House do now adjourn’. However, the House has adopted standing orders prescribing when each sitting day commences, so, in context, this is more akin to a true :ref:`adjournment ` than an adjournment *sine die*. .. [#fn75] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.96. .. [#fn27] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶13.19. -.. [#fn63] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.55; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶6.85. +.. [#fn63] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶12.55; :ref:`Magner 1994 `, p. 53; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶6.85. + +.. |FTPA| replace:: *Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011* (UK) +.. _FTPA: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/14/enacted diff --git a/committees.rst.bak b/committees.rst.bak deleted file mode 100644 index 847fb6c..0000000 --- a/committees.rst.bak +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -Committees -========== - -TODO - -Referring matters to a committee --------------------------------- - -MOVED - -.. _committee-debate: - -Committee debate in large meeting ---------------------------------- - -TODO - -.. rubric:: Footnotes - diff --git a/conf.py b/conf.py index e0048ce..d0098f1 100644 --- a/conf.py +++ b/conf.py @@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ import os # -- Project information ----------------------------------------------------- project = 'Points of Order' -copyright = '2021 Lee Yingtong Li' +copyright = '2023 Lee Yingtong Li' author = 'Lee Yingtong Li' # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags -release = '0.4.1' +release = '0.4.2' version = release diff --git a/epub-copyright.xhtml b/epub-copyright.xhtml index 136d90c..3b46554 100644 --- a/epub-copyright.xhtml +++ b/epub-copyright.xhtml @@ -12,13 +12,12 @@

Edition 0.1 first published 2018
Edition 0.2 first published 2021
- Edition 0.4.1 first published 2021

+ Edition 0.4.2 first published 2023

https://yingtongli.me/pointsoforder

-

Copyright © 2021 Lee Yingtong Li. You may use this book, at your option, under either of the following licences: +

Copyright © 2023 Lee Yingtong Li. You may use this book, at your option, under either of the following licences:

Authored in Sphinx

-

Cover image courtesy of Breather Products Inc., licensed under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication

A catalogue record for this work is available from the National Library of Australia.

diff --git a/extension.py b/extension.py index 3b4de0b..f4ce1ce 100644 --- a/extension.py +++ b/extension.py @@ -68,6 +68,16 @@ class POHTML5Translator(HTML5Translator): else: logger.warning('footnote defined out of sequence: expecting {}'.format(self.footnote_order[0]), location=node) self.footnote_order = None # Ignore future errors + + def visit_download_reference(self, node): + # Set URI (for epub/mobi output) + if self.builder.name != 'html': + node['refuri'] = 'https://yingtongli.me/pointsoforder/_downloads/' + node['filename'] + + # Remove code literal + node.children = node.children[0].children + + super().visit_download_reference(node) class POStandaloneHTMLBuilder(StandaloneHTMLBuilder): default_translator_class = POHTML5Translator @@ -139,6 +149,18 @@ class POLaTeXTranslator(LaTeXTranslator): self.body.append('}') super().depart_reference(node) + + def visit_download_reference(self, node): + # Set URI + node['refuri'] = 'https://yingtongli.me/pointsoforder/_downloads/' + node['filename'] + + # Remove code literal + node.children = node.children[0].children + + super().visit_reference(node) + + def depart_download_reference(self, node): + super().depart_reference(node) class POLaTeXBuilder(LaTeXBuilder): default_translator_class = POLaTeXTranslator diff --git a/holding-meetings.rst b/holding-meetings.rst index 78af74a..55b8d2b 100644 --- a/holding-meetings.rst +++ b/holding-meetings.rst @@ -48,10 +48,27 @@ The notice must contain, at a minimum: * the time and place of the meeting\ [#fn12]_ * the general nature of the business to be transacted\ [#fn7]_ -* a reference to whose authority the notice is given under\ [#fn8]_ +* a reference to whose authority the notice is given under\ [#fn8]_ – for example, ‘By order of the Board’ The reference to ‘general nature’ means that, unless the rules otherwise provide, it is not necessary to exactly describe every particular motion or matter that will be considered.\ [#fn16]_ +.. comment + The traditional wording for giving notice of a meeting goes something along the lines of: + + *Notice is hereby given*\ [#fn44]_ *that the annual general meeting of ACME Ltd will be held at 12:00 pm on 31 July 2021, at 42 Wallaby Way, Sydney NSW 2000. The business at the meeting will be as follows: …* + + [#fn44] What does ‘Notice is hereby given’ even mean? The fact that the document gives notice of the meeting should be self-evident, and how else is notice given if not ‘hereby’! See also :mref:`‘Plain English’ `. + + A more modern alternative might be: + + *The annual general meeting of ACME Ltd will be held:* + + * *Time: 12:00 pm* + * *Date: 31 July 2021* + * *Venue: 42 Wallaby Way, Sydney NSW 2000* + + *The business at the meeting will be: …* + Notice defines the scope of the meeting ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ @@ -125,9 +142,9 @@ If proxy voting is permitted, the rules do permit proxies to be counted towards If certain members are prohibited by the rules from voting on a matter, those members do not count towards the quorum during that matter.\ [#fn26]_ -Some rules, including the former *Companies Act 1981* (Cth),\ [#fn27]_ provide that a quorum is required ‘at the time when the meeting proceeds to business’. Under such a rule, a meeting that commences with a quorum may validly continue even if quorum is later lost. +Some rules, including the former *Companies Act 1981* (Cth),\ [#fn27]_ provide that a quorum is required ‘at the time when the meeting proceeds to business’. Under such a rule, a meeting that commences with a quorum may validly continue even if quorum is later lost.\ [#fn45]_ -However, in the absence of such a rule, the general rule is that the quorum must be present at all times throughout the meeting,\ [#fn28]_ and any business conducted without a quorum present will be invalid.\ [#fn29]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn31]_ As soon as it is discovered that quorum has been lost, the Chair should close (or, if permitted under the rules, adjourn) the meeting.\ [#fn30]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn32]_ +However, in the absence of such a rule, the general rule is that the quorum must be present at all times throughout the meeting,\ [#fn28]_ and any business conducted without a quorum present will be invalid.\ [#fn29]_ As soon as it is discovered that quorum has been lost, the Chair should close (or, if permitted under the rules, adjourn) the meeting.\ [#fn30]_ .. index:: Chair @@ -136,9 +153,9 @@ However, in the absence of such a rule, the general rule is that the quorum must Chair ----- -Every meeting must be presided over at all times by a *presiding officer*, who exercises procedural control.\ [#fn34]_ The presiding officer is generally known as the *President* or, more generally, *Chair* (or *Chairman*, *Chairwoman* or *Chairperson*). +Every meeting must be presided over at all times by a *presiding officer*, who exercises procedural control.\ [#fn34]_ The presiding officer is generally known as the *President* or, more generally, *Chair* (or *Chairman*, *Chairwoman* or *Chairperson*). When addressing the presiding officer directly, they are traditionally addressed *Mister Chair* or *Madam Chair*, though the author prefers the simple *Chair*.\ [#fn43]_ -In this book, we use the term *Chair* to refer to the person who chairs a meeting, and, when necessary to make a distinction, the term *chair* to refer to the ‘seat’ (physical or metaphorical) occupied by the Chair.\ [#fn33]_ +In this book, we use the term *Chair* to refer to the person who chairs a meeting, and, when necessary to make a distinction, the term *chair* to refer to the seat or office occupied by the Chair.\ [#fn33]_ Who is the Chair? ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ @@ -191,7 +208,7 @@ To this end, the Chair should avoid participating in debate (except in occasiona Failure to discharge duties ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -If the Chair fails to discharge their duties correctly, it is open to members to raise a :mref:`point of order `, move :mref:`dissent ` or, if absolutely necessary, move to :ref:`replace the chair `. +If the Chair fails to discharge their duties correctly, it is open to members to raise a :mref:`point of order `, move :mref:`dissent ` or, if absolutely necessary, move to :mref:`replace the chair `. One would hope that the situation would never become so severe as to require even further escalation, but it could be that the Chair improperly refuses to accept these recourses. Courts have held that, without authority from the rules, the Chair ‘cannot refuse to put motions which are in order under those rules’.\ [#fn41]_ @@ -206,41 +223,41 @@ If it comes to be that the Chair improperly purports to adjourn the meeting and .. [#fn3] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶2.05. .. [#fn4] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.3. .. [#fn6] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶2.05; *Ball v Pearsall* (1987) 10 NSWLR 700. -.. [#fn5] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.2; *R v Fulton* (1876) 2 VLR (Eq) 100. -.. [#fn11] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.3; *Hooper v Kerr, Stuart & Co Ltd* (1900) 83 LT 729. -.. [#fn9] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.4; *Symes v Weedow* (1893) 14 ALT 197; *Campbell v Higgins* (1957) 3 FLR 317. +.. [#fn5] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.2; *R v Fulton* `(1876) 2 VLR (Eq) 100 `_. +.. [#fn11] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.3; *Hooper v Kerr, Stuart & Co Ltd* `(1900) 83 LT 729 `_. +.. [#fn9] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.4; *Symes v Weedow* `(1893) 14 ALT 197 `_; *Campbell v Higgins* (1957) 3 FLR 317. .. [#fn12] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.9; *Wishart v Foster* (1961) 4 FLR 72. .. [#fn7] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.1. -.. [#fn8] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.3; *R v Fulton* (1876) 2 VLR (Eq) 100. -.. [#fn16] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.16; *Colhoun v Green* [1919] VLR 196. +.. [#fn8] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.3; *R v Fulton* `(1876) 2 VLR (Eq) 100`_. +.. [#fn16] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.16; *Colhoun v Green* `[1919] VLR 196 `_. .. [#fn17] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.17; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶3.10. .. [#fn18] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.18; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶3.10. .. [#fn14] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.11; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶3.25. -.. [#fn39] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.15; *Browne v La Trinidad* (1887) 37 Ch D 1; *Wilson v Manna Hill Mining Co Pty Ltd* [2004] FCA 912. -.. [#fn15] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.12; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶3.30; *Re Railway Sleepers Supply Co* (1885) 29 Ch D 204; *Ex parte McCance; Re Hobbs* (1926) 27 SR (NSW) 35; *Ayres v Chacos* (1972) 19 FLR 468; *Labouchere v Wharncliffe* (1879) 13 Ch D 346. +.. [#fn39] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.15; *Browne v La Trinidad* `(1887) 37 Ch D 1 `_; *Wilson v Manna Hill Mining Co Pty Ltd* `[2004] FCA 912 `_. +.. [#fn15] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.12; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶3.30; *Re Railway Sleepers Supply Co* `(1885) 29 Ch D 204 `_; *Ex parte McCance; Re Hobbs* `(1926) 27 SR (NSW) 35 `_; *Ayres v Chacos* (1972) 19 FLR 468; *Labouchere v Earl of Wharncliffe* `(1879) 13 Ch D 346 `_. .. [#fn13] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.10; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶3.25. .. [#fn19] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.19; *Bell Resources Ltd v Turnbridge Pty Ltd* (1988) 13 ACLR 429; *McPherson v Mansell* (1994) 16 ACSR 261; *McKerlie v Drillsearch Energy Ltd* (2009) 74 NSWLR 673. -.. [#fn10] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.7; *Machell v Nevinson* (1724) 11 East 84n; *Johnson v Beitseen* (1989) 41 IR 395. +.. [#fn10] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.7; *Machell v Nevinson* `(1809) 103 ER 936 `_; *Johnson v Beitseen* (1988) 41 IR 395. .. [#fn21] Eagle-eyed readers may note that ‘agenda’ is plural in Latin. In English, it is effectively universally used as a singular noun. Each individual item contained in the agenda is typically referred to as an *agenda item* rather than, as the Latin would suggest, an ‘agendum’. .. [#fn20] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶3.2. -.. [#fn22] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.4; *Merchants of the Staple of England v Bank of England* (1887) 21 QBD 160, 165. +.. [#fn22] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.4; *Merchants of the Staple of England v Bank of England* `(1887) 21 QBD 160 `_, 165. .. [#fn23] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.4; *Ball v Pearsall* (1987) 10 NSWLR 700. -.. [#fn24] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.4; *Re Liverpool Household Stores* (1890) 59 LJ Ch 616. +.. [#fn24] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.4; *Re Liverpool Household Stores Association* `(1890) 59 LJ Ch 616 `_. .. [#fn25] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.8. .. [#fn26] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.10. .. [#fn27] |CompAct|_, Sch. 3, reg. 42. -.. [#fn28] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.11; *Henderson v Louttit* (1894) 21 R (Ct of Sess) 674; Ball v Pearsall (1987) 10 NSWLR 700. -.. [#fn29] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.11, ¶5.13. -.. [#fn31] This differs to the practice in North America under *Robert's Rules*, where an inquorate meeting can continue to transact certain procedural business – namely, to fix the time to which to adjourn, adjourn, recess or take measures to obtain a quorum, as well as relevant subsidiary or incidental motions, questions of privilege, or motions to call for the orders of the day: :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶40:7. -.. [#fn30] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.11. -.. [#fn32] This differs to the practice in the Australian Parliament, and in North American meetings under *Robert's Rules*, where a quorum is presumed to be present, and business transacted without a quorum is not invalid until the lack of quorum is noticed by, or brought to the attention of, the Chair: :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.13; :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶40:12; :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, p. 272. -.. [#fn34] Even in small, informal meetings where procedural control moves fluidly from person to person, there must at all times, unless all are unanimous, be some person responsible for ‘enabl[ing] the wish or decision of the meeting to be ascertained’: :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.1; *Colorado Constructions Pty Ltd v Platus* [1966] 2 NSWR 598. -.. [#fn33] The distinction is necessary, for example, in the motion :subref:`LeaveChair `. +.. [#fn45] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.11; *Re Hartley Baird Ltd* [1955] Ch 143. +.. [#fn28] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.11; *Henderson v Louttit* `(1894) 31 SLR 555 `_; *Ball v Pearsall* (1987) 10 NSWLR 700. +.. [#fn29] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.11, ¶5.13. This differs to the practice in North America under *Robert's Rules*, where an inquorate meeting can continue to transact certain procedural business – namely, to fix the time to which to adjourn, adjourn, recess or take measures to obtain a quorum, as well as relevant subsidiary or incidental motions, questions of privilege, or motions to call for the orders of the day: :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶40:7. +.. [#fn30] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.11. This differs to the practice in the Australian Parliament, and in North American meetings under *Robert's Rules*, where a quorum is presumed to be present, and business transacted without a quorum is not invalid until the lack of quorum is noticed by, or brought to the attention of, the Chair: :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶5.13; :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶40:12; :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, p. 272. +.. [#fn34] Even in small, informal meetings where procedural control moves fluidly from person to person, there must at all times, unless all are unanimous, be some person responsible for ‘enabl[ing] the wish or decision of the meeting to be ascertained’: :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.1; *Colorado Constructions Pty Ltd v Platus* `[1966] 2 NSWR 598 `_. +.. [#fn43] See, for example, Anna Burke, who as Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives preferred the address ‘Speaker’ (as opposed to ‘Madam Speaker’). +.. [#fn33] The distinction is necessary only occasionally; for example, in the motion :subref:`LeaveChair `. .. [#fn35] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶6.10. .. [#fn38] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.10. .. [#fn41] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.5; *Wishart v Henneberry* (1962) 3 FLR 171. .. [#fn42] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶62:8–9. -.. [#fn40] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶¶6.85, 11.20; *Shaw v Thompson* (1876) 3 Ch D 233; *Wishart v Henneberry* (1962) 3 FLR 171; *Catesby v Burnett* [1916] 2 Ch 325; *National Dwellings Society v Sykes* [1894] 3 Ch 159. +.. [#fn40] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶¶6.85, 11.20; *Shaw v Thompson* `(1876) 3 Ch D 233 `_; *Wishart v Henneberry* (1962) 3 FLR 171; *Catesby v Burnett* [1916] 2 Ch 325; *National Dwellings Society v Sykes* `[1894] 3 Ch 159 `_. .. |CompAct| replace:: *Companies Act 1981* (Cth) .. _CompAct: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2004A02466 diff --git a/introduction.rst b/introduction.rst index bb42c14..49b8ad6 100644 --- a/introduction.rst +++ b/introduction.rst @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ It is also suitable, if desired, to be referred to in an organisation's rules as Copyright --------- - Copyright © 2021 Lee Yingtong Li + Copyright © 2021, 2023 Lee Yingtong Li You may use this book, at your option, under either of the following licences: diff --git a/meetings.rst b/meetings.rst index 461a2b6..37573c8 100644 --- a/meetings.rst +++ b/meetings.rst @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The importance of the words ‘in the name of the entire body’ cannot be overs For example, in the case of a body which its not its own legal entity, such as the committee of an unincorporated association, all members of the committee will be liable for decisions of meetings of the committee – even if they were absent from the meeting.\ [#fn3]_ -With this power comes proportionately great responsibility – the necessity of ensuring the proceedings of a meeting are fair to the participants – and this is where meeting procedure steps in. Meeting procedure ensures that participants at the meeting are treated fairly. The right of members to speak and make their voices heard is preserved, while decisions are made democratically according to the principle of majority rule – ‘the minority have their say, the majority their way’. +With this power comes proportionately great responsibility – the necessity of ensuring the proceedings of a meeting are fair to the participants – and this is where meeting procedure steps in. Meeting procedure ensures that participants at the meeting are treated fairly. The right of members to speak and make their voices heard is preserved, while decisions are made democratically according to the principle of majority rule – ‘the minority have their say; the majority their way’. Defining some terms ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ @@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ The following :ref:`authorities on meeting procedure ` are cited wi * Citrine W. *The ABC of chairmanship*. 4th ed. Citrine N, Cannell M, editors. London: Fabian Society; 1982 [reprinted 2016]. +.. _francis: + +* Francis RD, Armstrong AF. *The meetings handbook: formal rules and informal processes*. London: Anthem; 2012. + .. _horsley: * Lang AD. *Horsley's meetings: procedure, law and practice*. 7th ed. Sydney: LexisNexis; 2015. @@ -116,6 +120,8 @@ The following :ref:`authorities on meeting procedure ` are cited wi * Magner ES. *Joske's law and procedure at meetings in Australia*. 11th ed. Sydney: Thomson Reuters; 2012. +* Magner ES. *Joske's law and procedure at meetings in Australia*. 8th ed. Sydney: Law Book Company; 1994. + .. _pitchforth: * Pitchforth R. *Meetings: practice and procedure in New Zealand*. 4th ed. Auckland: CCH New Zealand; 2010. @@ -146,6 +152,10 @@ The following :ref:`authorities on meeting procedure ` are cited wi .. rubric:: Older authorities, primarily for historical context +.. _curry: + +* Curry TPE, Sykes JR, Heslop PL. The conduct of meetings. 21st ed. Bristol: Jordan & Sons; 1975. + .. _palgrave: * Palgrave RFD. *The chairman's handbook*. 12th edition revised. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company; 1896. https://archive.org/details/cu31924031476066. diff --git a/miscellanea.rst b/miscellanea.rst index 51428eb..7d4d92d 100644 --- a/miscellanea.rst +++ b/miscellanea.rst @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ There are a number of principles and *canons* of constructions which aid courts .. index:: presumption against surplusage -* Where possible, a resolution should be constructed to give effect to all parts, and not to render any part inoperative or surplus (the *presumption against surplusage*).\ [#fn6]_ +* If possible, a resolution should be constructed to give effect to all parts, and not to render any part inoperative or surplus (the *presumption against surplusage*).\ [#fn6]_ .. index:: generalia specialibus non derogant @@ -73,10 +73,12 @@ Historically, there have been 2 primary approaches to gender-neutral pronouns: e The use of the singular ‘they’ to refer to an unknown or arbitrary person is grammatically correct, has been attested to since 1375, and was used by Shakespeare himself.\ [#fn20]_ Revisionist grammatical objections to the use of the singular ‘they’ should be rejected in the strongest terms.\ [#fn21]_ +.. _plain-english: + Plain English ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ -The practice of the procedure at meetings is liable to produce in observers of the same a certain ambience of formality and proximity to the law, in the presence whereof a person (or persons) who hitherto might not have been legally trained is (are) wont to engage in one (1) or more courses of conduct, which conduct includes (but is not limited to) conduct which is inexplicable, verbose and occasionally wholly semantically incorrect, the aforedescribed undertaking ostensibly being made to emulate the *je ne sais quoi* of lawyers.\ [#fn13]_ +The practice of the procedure at meetings is liable to produce in observers of the same a certain ambience of formality and proximity to the law, in the presence whereof a person (or persons) who hitherto might not have been legally trained is (are) wont to engage in one (1) or more courses of conduct, which conduct includes (but is not limited to) conduct which is inexplicable, verbose and occasionally wholly semantically incorrect, the aforedescribed undertaking ostensibly being made to emulate the *lingua legisperitorum*.\ [#fn13]_ In other words, people sometimes, with good but misguided intentions, introduce ‘legalese’ into meeting procedure, in an attempt to sound ‘more correct’. Ironically, the legal field itself has been moving away from ‘legalese’ towards using plainer English since the 20th century.\ [#fn14]_ @@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ The legalese expression ‘not less than X’ is not as vehemently targeted by a Other legalese words to consider avoiding include: * ‘shall’ (consider ‘must’ or ‘will’) -* pronomial adverbs like ‘hereby’,\ [#fn18]_ ‘thereafter’, ‘wherein’, etc. +* pronominal adverbs like ‘hereby’,\ [#fn18]_ ‘thereafter’, ‘wherein’, etc. * ‘notwithstanding’ (consider ‘despite’ or ‘in spite of’) * ‘where’ (when, in plain English, we would write ‘if’ or ‘when’) * and many others! @@ -116,11 +118,11 @@ For more information on plain English writing, see the Office of Parliamentary C .. [#fn19] The second approach eliminates a useful feature of the English language, and frequently makes sentences seem repetitive, while the first seems verbose and uninclusive of people who use pronouns other than ‘he’ or ‘she’. .. [#fn20] Baron D. ‘A brief history of singular “they”’. *Oxford English Dictionary*. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2018 [cited 2021 Feb 27]. https://public.oed.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-singular-they/; ‘Using “they” and “them” in the singular’. *Lexico*. Oxford: Oxford University Press; c2021 [cited 2021 Feb 27]. https://www.lexico.com/grammar/using-they-and-them-in-the-singular. .. [#fn21] We acknowledge there is some controversy surrounding the singular ‘they’ when used with a view of erasing a person's specific pronouns, particularly in the case of transgender people. We emphasise that, when referring to a particular person, that person's specific pronouns should identified and used. -.. [#fn13] The author hopes it was clear this paragraph is satire! The author acknowledges he is not the writer of the world's plainest English, but he hopes it is not this bad! +.. [#fn13] Hopefully it was clear this paragraph is satire! The author acknowledges he is not always the writer of the world's plainest English, but he hopes it is not this bad! .. _plain-english-manual: .. [#fn14] *Plain English manual*. Canberra: Office of Parliamentary Counsel; 2016. https://www.opc.gov.au/publications/plain-english-manual. p. 5. -.. [#fn15] And what happens if the words and figures disagree? The traditional wisdom is that the words will prevail: :ref:`Lewison et al. 2012 `, p. 440; *Saunderson v Piper* (1839) 132 ER 1163; somewhat paradoxical, given one would generally think that the figures should be more attention-grabbing to the casual eye. +.. [#fn15] And what happens if the words and figures disagree? The traditional wisdom is that the words will prevail: :ref:`Lewison et al. 2012 `, p. 440; *Saunderson v Piper* `(1839) 132 ER 1163 `_; somewhat paradoxical, given one would generally think that the figures should be more attention-grabbing to the casual eye. .. [#fn16] :subref:`PEM `, p. 20. .. _cutts: @@ -144,3 +146,6 @@ For more information on plain English writing, see the Office of Parliamentary C .. _PropertyNT: https://legislation.nt.gov.au/en/Legislation/LAW-OF-PROPERTY-ACT-2000 .. |PEM| replace:: *Plain English manual* + +.. |AIRRegVic| replace:: *Associations Incorporation Reform Regulations 2012* (Vic) +.. _AIRRegVic: https://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/in-force/statutory-rules/associations-incorporation-reform-regulations-2012 diff --git a/order-of-business.rst b/order-of-business.rst index 6e7115f..68cfa5b 100644 --- a/order-of-business.rst +++ b/order-of-business.rst @@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ All business of the meeting having concluded, the Chair should formally declare .. [#fn35] See e.g. *indigenous.gov.au*. Canberra: Australian Government; [cited 2021 Feb 11]. ‘Welcome to Country or Acknowledgement of Country’. https://www.indigenous.gov.au/contact-us/welcome_acknowledgement-country. .. [#fn1] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.10. -.. [#fn2] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.11. Renton goes on to suggest that if no challenge is raised at this point, the right is waived. :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.8, disagrees, citing *Henderson v Bank of Australasia* (1890) 45 Ch D 330; as does :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶3.35, citing *Werner v Boehm* (1890) 16 VLR 73. +.. [#fn2] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.11. Renton goes on to suggest that if no challenge is raised at this point, the right is waived. :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.8, disagrees, citing *Henderson v Bank of Australasia* `(1890) 45 Ch D 330 `_; as does :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶3.35, citing *Werner v Boehm* `(1890) 16 VLR 73 `_. .. [#fn36] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.12. .. [#fn4] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.13. .. [#fn5] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶18.3. @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ All business of the meeting having concluded, the Chair should formally declare .. [#fn12] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.20; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶18.14. .. [#fn13] In North America, *Robert's Rules* takes the opposite view, where a motion is neither necessary nor desirable, and the minutes are automatically confirmed once no more corrections are forthcoming. This is on the basis that the only allowable way to object to the minutes is to offer a correction: :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶41:11. .. [#fn11] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.14; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶18.12. -.. [#fn15] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.21; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶18.15; *Re Cawley & Co* (1889) 42 Ch D 209; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, pp. 27–28. +.. [#fn15] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.21; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶18.15; *Re Cawley & Co* `(1889) 42 Ch D 209 `_; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, pp. 27–28. .. [#fn16] This differs to the practice in North America under *Robert's Rules*, where confirmed minutes may be later amended in the same way as any ordinary resolution: :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶48:15. .. [#fn17] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.21; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶18.15. .. [#fn32] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.24. @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ All business of the meeting having concluded, the Chair should formally declare .. [#fn24] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.41. .. [#fn25] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.32. .. [#fn26] |CorpAct|_, s. 249L(1)(c). -.. [#fn27] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶¶10.20–21; *Re Willaire Systems plc* [1987] BCLC 67; *Totally and Permanently Incapacitated Veterans' Association of New South Wales Ltd v Gadd* (1998) 146 FLR 161; *NRMA Ltd v Scandrett* (2002) 171 FLR 232. +.. [#fn27] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶¶10.20–21; *Re Willaire Systems plc* (1986) 2 BCC 99054; *Totally & Permanently Incapacitated Veterans' Association of NSW Ltd v Gadd* (1998) 146 FLR 161; *NRMA Ltd v Scandrett* (2002) 171 FLR 232. .. [#fn31] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶¶2.43–44; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶4.18. .. [#fn30] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.45. .. [#fn28] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.46. diff --git a/preamble.tex.txt b/preamble.tex.txt index babce83..2e30058 100644 --- a/preamble.tex.txt +++ b/preamble.tex.txt @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ }} % Fonts -\setmainfont{EB Garamond} +\setmainfont{Crimson} %\setsansfont{IBM Plex Sans}[BoldFont={* Medium},BoldItalicFont={* Medium Italic}] \setsansfont{Source Sans Pro}[BoldFont={* Semibold},BoldItalicFont={* Semibold Italic}] \usepackage{newunicodechar}\newfontface{\libserif}{Liberation Serif}\newunicodechar{¶}{{\libserif ¶\hspace{0.1ex}}} % use filled in ¶ @@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ % Footnote style \usepackage[hang,bottom]{footmisc} \setlength{\footnotemargin}{0.4cm} +\def\sphinxfootnotemark[#1]{\ifx\thepage\relax\else\protect\spx@opt@BeforeFootnote\protect\footnotemark[#1]\fi} % Same definition as footnotehyper-sphinx but this is required for some reason % Header/footer style \fancypagestyle{normal}{ @@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ \begingroup\footnotesize Edition 0.1 first published 2018 \\ Edition 0.2 first published 2021 \\ - Edition 0.4.1 first published 2021 + Edition 0.4.2 first published 2023 \vspace{1cm} @@ -77,17 +78,15 @@ \vspace{\fill} - Copyright © 2021 Lee Yingtong Li. You may use this book, at your option, under either of the following licences: + Copyright © 2023 Lee Yingtong Li. You may use this book, at your option, under either of the following licences: {\parskip=0pt\begin{itemize} \item the \sphinxhref{https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/}{Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International licence} \item the \sphinxhref{https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.en.html}{GNU Free Documentation License, version 1.3} \end{itemize}} - Authored in \sphinxhref{https://www.sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx} and typeset using \LaTeX{} in EB Garamond 11pt and Source Sans Pro + Authored in \sphinxhref{https://www.sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx} and typeset using \LaTeX{} in Crimson 11pt and Source Sans Pro \ifpolulu - Cover image courtesy of Breather Products Inc., licensed under the \sphinxhref{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication} - Printed by Lulu Press %Printed in Australia by Finsbury Green for Lulu Press \fi @@ -151,4 +150,6 @@ \sphinxrestorepageanchorsetting } +\def\sphinxhline{} % Need this for some reason, Sphinx bug? + \makeatother diff --git a/standing-orders.rst.bak b/standing-orders.rst.bak deleted file mode 100644 index f97b5fd..0000000 --- a/standing-orders.rst.bak +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -Standing orders, etc. -===================== diff --git a/transacting-business.rst b/transacting-business.rst index 7514ac1..ee2730f 100644 --- a/transacting-business.rst +++ b/transacting-business.rst @@ -264,7 +264,9 @@ If the substantive motion is proposed to be amended (see :mref:`‘Amendments’ :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn52]_ and :ref:`Puregger (1998) `\ [#fn75]_ recommend, and the author agrees, that the mover may exercise the right of reply at their choice at any of these 3 times. -Some authorities also suggest that the right of reply is forfeit if the mover speaks in the debate on an amendment.\ [#fn52]_ :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn52]_ further recommends that the Chair may, at their discretion, rule this to be the case when appropriate. +:ref:`Curry et al. (1975) ` extend this principle to certain procedural motions, providing that the mover of a substantive motion may reply to a motion to :ref:`adjourn the debate ` or :ref:`meeting ` while the substantive motion is being considered.\ [#fn83]_ + +Some authorities suggest that the right of reply is forfeit if the mover speaks in the debate on an amendment.\ [#fn52]_ :ref:`Lang (2015) `\ [#fn52]_ recommend that the Chair may, at their discretion, rule this to be the case when appropriate. .. index:: motion; voting on @@ -503,7 +505,7 @@ In North America, local authorities additionally refer to *points of privilege* .. [#fn6] Some authorities reserve the term *substantive motion* only for motions after they have been amended: :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.3; :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 38; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.24; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 38. .. [#fn1] In North America, *Robert's Rules* calls these *original main motions*: :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶6:2. .. [#fn36] :ref:`Natzler et al. 2019 `, ¶20.2. -.. [#fn16] Some authorities prefer to classify motions to confirm minutes, adopt reports, etc. as substantive motions, as they are moved when no other motion is pending: :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.3. In North America, *Robert's Rules* would refer to these as *incidental main motions*: :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, §5. +.. [#fn16] Some authorities prefer to classify motions to confirm minutes, adopt reports, etc. as substantive motions, as they are moved when no other motion is pending: :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.3. In North America, *Robert's Rules* would refer to these as *incidental main motions*: :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶6:2. .. [#fn7] Even more traditionally, motions begin with the longer phrase ‘*Be it resolved that*’. .. [#fn81] However, even in the Australian House of Representatives, the indicative mood is routinely used instead in motions expressing an opinion (rather than ordering an action), for example, ‘That this House *is* of the opinion that …’: :ref:`Elder et al. 2018 `, p. 297. .. [#fn5] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.5. @@ -517,12 +519,12 @@ In North America, local authorities additionally refer to *points of privilege* .. [#fn65] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.1. .. [#fn2] ‘Move’, in this sentence, has the meaning ‘propose’, so if it helps in understanding the grammar, think instead ‘I propose that the expenditure be approved’. This also explains the use of the subjunctive mood: one would not typically say ‘I propose that the expenditure *is* approved’. .. [#fn48] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.17. -.. [#fn37] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.12; *Re Horbury Bridge Coal, Iron & Waggon Co* (1879) 11 Ch D 109, 117–18; *National Australia Bank Ltd v Market Holdings Pty Ltd (in liq)* (2001) 161 FLR 1. +.. [#fn37] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.12; *Re Horbury Bridge Coal, Iron & Waggon Co* `(1879) 11 Ch D 109 `_, 117–18; *National Australia Bank Ltd v Market Holdings Pty Ltd (in liq)* (2001) 161 FLR 1. .. [#fn39] Some rules even require a motion to be seconded before the *mover* can speak in favour of it. The author, as well as :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.12, and :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 40, believe this to be an undesirable practice ­– how can one know whether to second a motion before the mover has a chance to explain it? .. [#fn49] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.14; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.22. It appears that this practice was originally defended on the basis that members of the House of Commons typically did not need to actually speak to second a motion (but would do so by, for example, raising their hat): :ref:`Palgrave 1896 `, p. 50. .. [#fn38] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.12. .. [#fn73] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 40; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.23. -.. [#fn50] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.10; *Re Horbury Bridge Coal, Iron and Waggon Co* (1879) 11 Ch D 109. +.. [#fn50] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.10; *Re Horbury Bridge Coal, Iron and Waggon Co* `(1879) 11 Ch D 109`_. .. [#fn51] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.16; *National Australia Bank Ltd v Market Holdings Pty Ltd (in liq)* (2001) 161 FLR 1. .. [#fn74] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.15; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 42; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶¶4.31, 4.33. .. [#fn44] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.14; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 41 @@ -532,26 +534,27 @@ In North America, local authorities additionally refer to *points of privilege* .. [#fn46] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.35. .. [#fn42] :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶7.10. .. [#fn47] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.34. -.. [#fn43] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶7.10; *Toohey v Melville* (1892) 13 LR (NSW) 132. +.. [#fn43] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶7.10; *Toohey v Melville* `(1892) 13 LR (NSW) 132 `_. .. [#fn45] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.26; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.25; :ref:`Citrine 1982 `; pp. 28–29. .. [#fn76] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 57. .. [#fn77] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 57; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶4.25. .. [#fn52] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.26. .. [#fn70] Some authorities that suggest the right of reply may only be exercised before the first amendment is voted go on to explain that the right is forfeit if not then exercised as, if the amendment is agreed to, it is no longer the mover's original motion: :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 95. .. [#fn75] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 53. -.. [#fn53] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.12; *R v Rector of Birmingham* (1837) 1 A&E 254. +.. [#fn83] :ref:`Curry et al. 1975 `, p. 30. +.. [#fn53] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.12; *R v Rector of Birmingham* `(1837) 112 ER 467 `_. .. [#fn55] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶8.2. .. [#fn54] :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 53. .. [#fn26] :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 62; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.14; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶8.16. -.. [#fn27] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.14; *Johnson v Beitseen* (1989) 41 IR 395, 414. -.. [#fn25] It is a common misconception that Chairs always have a casting vote. At common law, unless the rules provide otherwise, the Chair of a meeting does not have a casting vote: :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.14; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶10.25; *Bishop of Chichester v Harward* (1787) 99 ER 1300. +.. [#fn27] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.14; *Johnson v Beitseen* (1988) 41 IR 395, 414. +.. [#fn25] It is a common misconception that Chairs always have a casting vote. At common law, unless the rules provide otherwise, the Chair of a meeting does not have a casting vote: :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.14; :ref:`Magner 2012 `, ¶10.25; *Bishop of Chichester v Harward* `(1787) 99 ER 1300 `_. .. [#fn29] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶8.16; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.14. .. [#fn31] :ref:`Natzler et al. 2019 `, ¶20.90. -.. [#fn30] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.14; *R v Bradford City Metropolitan Council; ex parte Corris* [1990] 2 QB 363, 371. +.. [#fn30] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.14; *R v Bradford City Metropolitan Council; Ex parte Corris* [1990] 2 QB 363, 371. .. [#fn28] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶8.16. .. [#fn23] :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 62. .. [#fn78] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, pp. 42, 67–68. -.. [#fn56] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.5; *Bland v Buchanan* [1901] 2 KB 75. +.. [#fn56] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.5; *Bland v Buchanan* `[1901] 2 KB 75 `_. .. [#fn24] *Constitution of Australia*, s. 23. .. [#fn82] Some authorities regard amendments as a form of procedure distinct to motions: *Council meeting procedures handbook*. 2nd edition. Adelaide: Local Government Association of South Australia; 2015 [cited 2021 Mar 2]. https://www.loxtonwaikerie.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0032/351959/Meeting-Procedures-Handbook-2013.pdf. While this may explain some specifics of amendment procedure, the author believes that, on balance, viewing amendments as a form of subsidiary motion is the more helpful approach. .. [#fn19] :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 33. @@ -562,7 +565,7 @@ In North America, local authorities additionally refer to *points of privilege* .. [#fn13] *Amending forms manual*. 15th ed. Canberra: Office of Parliamentary Counsel; 2019. https://www.opc.gov.au/sites/default/files/s05pu518.v81.pdf. .. [#fn61] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.18; *Walkley v District Council of Northern Yorke Peninsula* (1987) 27 APA 381. .. [#fn79] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶5.23, citing ‘Some authorities’; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, pp. 45–46; :ref:`Palgrave 1896 `, p. 59. -.. [#fn62] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶5.40; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 50–51. +.. [#fn62] :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 50–51; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶5.40. .. [#fn57] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.22; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 51. .. [#fn58] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.22; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 51; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶5.12. .. [#fn59] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶10.22; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 51; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶5.12, citing ‘Some authorities’; :ref:`Palgrave 1896 `, p. 51. @@ -574,7 +577,7 @@ In North America, local authorities additionally refer to *points of privilege* .. [#fn34] :ref:`Natzler et al. 2019 `, ¶20.35. .. [#fn68] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.3; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶7.4. .. [#fn66] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.3. -.. [#fn67] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.1; :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 91; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 54. +.. [#fn67] :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 91; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.1; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 54. .. [#fn69] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶9.3; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶7.5. .. [#fn71] :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 92; :ref:`Puregger 1998 `, p. 54–55. .. [#fn72] :ref:`Citrine 1982 `, p. 92. diff --git a/voting.rst b/voting.rst index bea051a..bdcc841 100644 --- a/voting.rst +++ b/voting.rst @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ In Parliament, it is required that, on a division (poll, etc.) members must vote Voice vote ^^^^^^^^^^ -In Parliament, and in some organisations, voting is performed ‘on the voices’ (‘*viva voce*’). +In Parliament, and in some organisations, voting is performed ‘on the voices’ (*viva voce*). In a voice vote, the Chair directs those in favour of the question to say ‘Aye’, then those against to say ‘No’.\ [#fn3]_:superscript:`,`\ [#fn4]_ The Chair then announces the result according to which side they believe had greater numbers. @@ -288,11 +288,11 @@ Again, an in-depth discussion of these systems is beyond the scope of this book. .. [#fn5] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶8.8. .. [#fn6] :ref:`Robert et al. 2020 `, ¶¶45:47–54. The roll call is not attested to in any Australian authority consulted, but has been experienced by the author and is presented here for completeness. .. [#fn7] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.6. -.. [#fn12] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.3; *Holmes v Keyes* [1958] Ch 570. -.. [#fn13] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.3; *Anthony v Seger* (1789) 1 Hag Con 13 . +.. [#fn12] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.3; *Holmes v Keyes* [1958] Ch 670. +.. [#fn13] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.3; *Anthony v Seger* `(1789) 161 ER 457 `_. .. [#fn16] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.6. -.. [#fn14] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.6; *R v D'Oyley* (1840) 113 ER 763. -.. [#fn15] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.6; *R v Archdeacon of Chester* (1834) 1 A&E 342. +.. [#fn14] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.6; *R v D'Oyly* `(1840) 113 ER 763 `_. +.. [#fn15] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.6; *R v Archdeacon of Chester* `(1834) 110 ER 1236 `_. .. [#fn17] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶15.9. .. [#fn8] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶14.7. .. [#fn9] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶¶14.8–9; :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶8.13. @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ Again, an in-depth discussion of these systems is beyond the scope of this book. .. _renton1: .. [#fn20] Renton NE. *Guide for meetings and organisations*. 8th ed. Vol. 1, ‘Guide for voluntary associations’. Sydney: Thomson; 2005b. ¶11.27. .. [#fn23] :ref:`Renton 2005 `, ¶2.78; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.4. -.. [#fn24] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.4; *R v Owens* (1850) 28 LJQB 316; *Fanagan v Kernan* (1881) 8 LR Ir 44; *National Australia Bank Ltd v Market Holdings Pty Ltd (in liq)* (2001) 161 FLR 1. +.. [#fn24] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.4; *R v Owens* `(1859) 121 ER 34 `_; *Fanagan v Kernan* `(1881) 8 LR Ir 44 `_; *National Australia Bank Ltd v Market Holdings Pty Ltd (in liq)* (2001) 161 FLR 1. .. [#fn25] :ref:`Renton 2005b `, ¶11.3. .. [#fn26] :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.4. .. [#fn27] :ref:`Renton 2005b `, ¶11.8; :ref:`Lang 2015 `, ¶6.4; *National Australia Bank Ltd v Market Holdings Pty Ltd (in liq)* (2001) 161 FLR 1.